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Topic Review
Integration of NOMA-Based VLC with Emerging Technologies
Visible light communication (VLC), a high data rate communication technology, has proven its stature as a promising complementary to its radio frequency (RF) counterpart. VLC is a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and secure technology that exploits the current infrastructure, specifically within indoor and underwater environments. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered an effective technique to circumvent these shortcomings. The NOMA scheme has emerged as a revolutionary paradigm to address the shortcomings of VLC systems.
  • 842
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
In-Line Inspection (ILI) Techniques for Subsea Pipelines
Offshore oil and gas resources play a crucial role in supplementing the energy needs of human society. The crisscrossing subsea pipeline network, which serves as vital infrastructure for the storage and transportation of offshore oil and gas, requires regular inspection and maintenance to ensure safe operation and prevent ecological pollution. In-line inspection (ILI) techniques have been widely used in the detection and inspection of potential hazards within the pipeline network. 
  • 73
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Improving Semantic Segmentation Performance in Underwater Images
Semantic segmentation is an important task for the various fields of robotics, which often relies on visual data from cameras. Semantic segmentation is increasingly used in exploration by underwater robots, for example in autonomous navigation so that the robot can recognise the elements of its environment during the mission to avoid collisions. Other applications are found in the search for archaeological artefacts, in the inspection of underwater structures or in species monitoring.
  • 95
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
High-Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics for Wind Turbines
The design and development of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is an attractive issue in the wind energy harvesting field. The FOWTs are considered more cost-effective than bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines in commercial operation with the significant technology advancements. However, several key factors for the design of FOWTs remain in need of more attention and effort. One of the key factors is the strong interaction between the wind turbine and floating platform. Unlike the bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines, the aerodynamics of FOWTs exhibits significant unsteady characteristics due to the floating platform motions excited by incident waves.
  • 510
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Guideline for the Decommissioning/Abandonment of Subsea Pipelines
The operating lifespan of pipelines is limited, defined by their specific design codes and specifications, with the economic justification for this being determined primarily by the pipeline owner. During its operational lifespan, a pipeline’s integrity is affected mainly by the quality of the hydrocarbons being transported. The integrity of a pipeline can be maintained with regular inspections and maintenance/cleaning programmes followed from installation to commissioning. As production matures and declines, operators face several decisions concerning the pipeline’s future. There are several potential scenarios, and each should be assessed on a case-by-case basis for any specific pipeline in question. The industry best practices outline the minimum requirements for the safe decommissioning of pipelines. 
  • 195
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Floating Wind Energy Market
The floating technology enables the extraction of wind resources from previously expensive or complex areas to fixed-bottom turbine installation. These floating concepts have revived many countries’ interests in offshore wind energy. Europe has set ambitious renewable energy goals to reduce its environmental impact. The vast untapped offshore wind resources will play an important role in fulfilling the energy demands to achieve the renewable energy targets of the European Union (EU). Floating wind energy heavily depends on political support, especially in the beginning. The support of the national governments is highly unclear under some financial uncertainty. However, the European Union is actively engaged in realizing offshore wind projects through initiatives such as the Interreg and H2020 funds. Furthermore, the EU has a vast economy to support such projects and is attractive to developers because of its high national electricity prices.
  • 441
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review Video
Fixed and Floating Offshore Structures
Diverse forms of offshore oil and gas structures are utilized for a wide range of purposes and in varying water depths. They are designed for unique environments and water depths around the world. The applications of these offshore structures require different activities for proper equipment selection, design of platform types, and drilling/production methods. There are advances made in ocean engineering which include a variety of innovative offshore structure designs, ranging from fixed platforms to floating platforms. Some of these structures include the deep-water semisubmersible platforms, jack-up rigs, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs), FPS (floating production systems) units.
  • 7.1K
  • 19 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Feature-Based Place Recognition Using Forward Looking Sonar
Some structures in the harbour environment need to be inspected regularly. However, these scenarios present a major challenge for the accurate estimation of a vehicle’s position and subsequent recognition of similar images. In these scenarios, visibility can be poor, making place recognition a difficult task as the visual appearance of a local feature can be compromised. Under these operating conditions, imaging sonars are a promising solution. The quality of the captured images is affected by some factors but they do not suffer from haze, which is an advantage. Therefore, a purely acoustic approach for unsupervised recognition of similar images based on forward-looking sonar (FLS) data is proposed to solve the perception problems in harbour facilities. To simplify the variation of environment parameters and sensor configurations, and given the need for online data for these applications, a harbour scenario was recreated using the Stonefish simulator. Therefore, experiments were conducted with preconfigured user trajectories to simulate inspections in the vicinity of structures.The place recognition approach performs better than the results obtained from optical images. The proposed method provides a good compromise in terms of distinctiveness, achieving 87.5% recall considering appropriate constraints and assumptions for this task given its impact on navigation success. That is, it is based on a similarity threshold of 0.3 and 12 consistent features to consider only effective loops. The behaviour of FLS is the same regardless of the environment conditions and thus it opens new horizons for the use of these sensors as a great aid for underwater perception, namely, to avoid degradation of navigation performance in muddy conditions.
  • 191
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Energy Saving Devices for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Ships
Energy saving devices (ESDs) for ships are more important than ever, as implementation of rules and regulations restrict the use of fossil fuels while promoting zero-emission technology. Researchers aims to bridge that gap by firstly identifying the new challenges that a hydrogen-powered propulsion system brings forth and then reviewing the quantitative energy saving capability and qualitive additional benefits of individual existing and emerging ESDs in standalone and combination, with recommendations for the most applicable ESD combinations with hydrogen-powered waterborne transport presented to maximise energy saving and minimise the negative impact on the propulsion system components
  • 648
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Develop Digital Twins for Subsea Pipelines
Digital twins are described as a paradigm combining multi-physics modelling with data-driven analytics, which are used to mirror the life of its corresponding twin. Realistic virtual models of structural systems are shown to bridge the gap between design and construction and to mirror the real and virtual worlds. The concept of the digital twin has also been used in offshore structures as platforms and subsea pipelines throughout the stages of construction and operation life. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jun 2022
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