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Topic Review
Integration of SysML and Virtual Reality Environment
In recent years, Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has continued to develop as a standard for designing, managing, and maintaining increasingly complex systems. Unlike the document centric approach, MBSE puts the model at the heart of system design. Among the various MBSE language development efforts, “Systems Modeling Language (SysML)”, is the most anticipated and broadly utilized in the research and in industrial practice. SysML originated from Unified Modeling Language (UML) and follows the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM). SysML diagrams help users create various systems engineering artifacts, including requirements, use cases, operational concepts, system architecture, system behaviors, and parametric analyses of a system model. In the early days of implementation, MBSE languages, including SysML, typically relied on static viewpoints and limited simulation support to depict and analyze a system model. Due the continuous improvement efforts and new implementation approaches by researchers and organizations, SysML has advanced vastly to encompass dynamic viewpoints, in-situ simulation and enable integration with external modeling and simulation (M&S) tools. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a user interactive and immersive visualization technology and can depict reality in a virtual environment at different levels of fidelity. VR can play a crucial role in developing dynamic and interactive viewpoints to improve the MBSE approach.
  • 400
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twin Technology for Building Information Modeling
Digital twin (DT) technology, which lies at the core of Industry 4.0, has gained widespread adoption in various fields, including building energy analysis. With the ability to monitor, optimize, and predict building energy consumption in real time. DT technology has enabled sustainable building energy management and cost reduction.
  • 189
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sensor Technologies for Human Motion Monitoring
Apart from the early video-based motion capture, the most widely used sensors for human motion capture include the traditional silicon-based sensors and the emerging flexible sensors. The former includes an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, inertial sensors, and tilt sensors; the latter involves soft strain and pressure sensors based on textile or polymer materials.
  • 309
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Characterization Specifications for FRP Pultruded Materials
Pultruded FRP composites have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional materials like concrete, steel, and timber, especially in corrosive environmental conditions. However, the unique properties of these composites necessitate careful consideration during their implementation, as they differ significantly from conventional materials. Proper testing and characterization of FRP pultruded materials is key for their efficient and safe implementation. However, the existing specifications are not unified, resulting in ambiguity among stakeholders. 
  • 245
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Innovative Materials for Sustainable Buildings’ Energy Performance
In a broader context, sustainable materials refer to materials that are produced, used, and disposed of in a way that minimizes their impact on the environment, society, and economy. The concept of sustainability involves meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Therefore, sustainable materials support ecological balance, conserve resources, and contribute to long-term societal well-being. They could be synthesized by microorganisms (or part of them) under different/ specific environmental conditions known as bio-sourced material or Geo-materials inspired by geological systems originating from the billion years long history of the earth (having geological origin) or even green materials that have a negligible load on the earth's environment and are harmless to human health in the process of raw material collection, product manufacturing, the application process, and after use. In the presence of these materials, conventional materials will be outdated. Their application in novel ways, especially in the building sector, is merely popping out, calling to be explored and applied in research. Using sustainable building materials is a promising alternative in building envelope applications to improve in-use energy efficiency. These materials, having a low environmental impact, the advantage of being renewable, and low embodied energy, contribute to global sustainability. During the last decades, waste management and green energy have gained massive popularity as they act on preserving the environment, reducing waste treatment and disposal costs, and generating alternative materials vulnerable to many industrial applications. These materials are sustainable and will positively affect social well-being as they will be replenished by photosynthesis daily. These pragmatic materials are the unsurpassed alternative as they not only target the reduction in daily carbon dioxide emissions but also offer thermal comfort with less energy consumption for the functioning of the buildings. With everything happening around us, it is vital to take serious measures when moderating and controlling energy consumption everywhere.
  • 521
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks in Localization
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks (LoRaWAN) allow the transmission of data via radio link from sensors, which are potentially isolated or difficult to access, to gateways and servers that are connected to cellular networks for data processing, exchange, or relay, with low transmission power. This concept employs Long-Range (LoRa) modulation and has led to the emergence of many applications for the monitoring and tracking of objects.
  • 228
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Four Effects of High-Entropy Alloys
As a new type of alloy with high hardness, high heat resistance, strong corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and fatigue resistance, high-entropy alloys are different from any existing traditional alloy. As a new alloy system, high-entropy alloys have important research value and broad application prospects. Therefore, the design, preparation and application of high-entropy alloys have become an important direction for the development of new materials.
  • 684
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Technique of Oil Pipelines
Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) is the most widely used nondestructive testing technology in the safety inspection of oil and gas pipelines. 
  • 421
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Uncertain Travel Times in Distribution Logistics
Uncertainty quantification is a critical aspect of distribution logistics, particularly unpredictable travel times caused by traffic congestion and varying transportation conditions.
  • 248
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Natural Pozzolan in Concrete
For several decades, class F fly ash has been an attractive supplementary cementitious material, at least in part, due to its ability to reduce Portland cement consumption and mitigate alkali-silica reactions in concrete. However, fly ash availability is becoming uncertain as the energy industry decommissions coal burning power plants as it transitions to renewable energy production. This situation creates a need to identify viable and sustainable alternative supplementary cementitious materials. There are several types of supplementary cementitious materials, such as natural pozzolans, metakaolin, or ground granulated blast-furnace slag, which appear to be potential alternatives to fly ash in concrete. In this research, a locally available natural pozzolan (pumicite) was selected to replace fly ash in concrete. After conducting alkali-silica reaction tests on mortar mixtures, rheological and strength properties, shrinkage, resistance to freezing and thawing, and chloride ion permeability of concrete mixtures containing different amounts of fly ash and natural pozzolan were evaluated. The results showed that pumicite was more effective than fly ash at mitigating the alkali-silica reaction, and a pumicite content of 20% was necessary to mitigate the alkali-silica reaction. Ternary mixtures containing both pumicite and fly ash were the most effective cementitious materials combinations for mitigating the alkali-silica reaction expansion. Additionally, pumicite provided acceptable compressive strength and modulus of rupture values (greater than 4.0 MPa) that exceeded the flexural strengths provided by established mixtures containing only fly ash. Shrinkage and durability factor values for all mixtures were less than 710 μstrain and greater than 75, which are generally considered acceptable. Additionally, all mixtures with acceptable alkali-silica reaction expansions had very low chloride permeability. These results indicate that pumicite can be a reliable alternative for fly ash.
  • 458
  • 16 Nov 2023
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