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Topic Review
Transformation to Sustainable Energy System for Smart Cities
Transformation is a deliberate, carefully planned, complete reconstruction, the effects of which will be used in the long term. It usually concerns economic infrastructure, and its implementation requires a multifaceted approach for the solutions created. The term smart city is associated with the words livable, green, intelligent, low carbon, sustainable, digital, information, knowledge, resilient, eco, and ubiquitous. Targeting sustainable energy systems is now an integral element of smart-city operation.
  • 145
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Transfer Learning for Building Damage Assessment
When a natural disaster occurs, humanitarian organizations need to be prompt, effective, and efficient to support people whose security is threatened. Damage assessment is the preliminary evaluation of damage in the event of a natural disaster, intended to inform decision-makers on the impact of the incident. Satellite imagery offers rich and reliable information to support expert decision-making, yet its annotation remains labour-intensive and tedious. Researchers suggest an approach where the model first learns generic features from many past disaster events to assimilate current disaster-specific features. This technique is known as transfer learning. 
  • 500
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Transducer Technologies for Biosensors and Their Wearable Applications
Biosensors refer to the collaboration of receptors that recognize target analytes and transducers that translate this recognition into a detectable signal. Biological molecules such as enzymes, nucleic acids, antibodies, or their synthetic analogues can serve as bio-receptors to bind the analyte of interest. To form a biosensor device that detects or measures the biological events or changes, the targeted matching of the bio-receptor and the analyte should be evaluated quantitatively, making the transducers indispensable components of a biosensor. Availability of various bio-receptors, transducers, and possible combinations of both components constitute various ways to classify biosensors. Compared to conventional sensors based on rigid semiconductors, metals, and ceramics, elastomers are advantageous since they exhibit the highest level of strain behavior for wearable applications. 
  • 2.0K
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Transactive Energy
Transactive energy is a highly effective technique for peers to exchange and trade energy resources. Several interconnected blocks, such as generation businesses, prosumers, the energy market, energy service providers, transmission and distribution networks, and so on, make up a transactive energy framework.
  • 704
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Trajectory Prediction of Vehicle–Pedestrian and Vehicle–Pedestrian Interactions
The conflict between pedestrians and vehicles is an important safety issue, not only in the USA but everywhere in the world. This issue is even worse in developing countries. Road accidents claim over 1.3 million lives annually, which translates to more than two lives lost every minute. Shockingly, around ninety percent of these tragedies happen in countries with limited resources. 
  • 153
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Trajectory Prediction of Preceding Target Vehicles
Preceding vehicles have a significant impact on the safety of the vehicle, whether or not it has the same driving direction as an ego-vehicle. Reliable trajectory prediction of preceding vehicles is crucial for making safer planning.
  • 460
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Train Delays and Punctuality
Indicators of expected quality of service in public contracts are often based on some kind of “punctuality”, usually defined in terms of the percentage of trains arrived “on time”, i.e., within a given delay, at stations, which can mean either at their final destination or also at intermediate “significant” stops. Of course, this requires defining in which circumstances an arrival is counted as a delay. Passengers, however, tend to use the word “punctuality” with a more general meaning, mostly as a synonym for expected delay at their own destination, and especially in case of commuters are much less tolerant of even smaller delays than train operators would normally allow. Overall, punctuality is claimed to be one of the most important quality indicators both in railways and, widening the discourse, in schedule-based bus operation, and is crucial for customer satisfaction. 
  • 1.0K
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Trailer Connectors in North America
A number of standards prevail in North America, or parts of it, for trailer connectors, the electrical connectors between vehicles and the trailers they tow that provide a means of control for the trailers.
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Traffic Stream Analysis by Radar Sensors
Traffic flow measurement technologies, such as detection stations, radar guns, or video cameras, have been used over the years to detect the level of traffic and the operating conditions. This type of sensor can record a large amount of data which is useful to evaluate and monitor road traffic conditions, and it is possible to identify free-moving and constrained vehicles by processing the collected data.
  • 329
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Traffic Smoothness for ITS
The smooth traffic flow, which refers to the stochastically stabilized flow (ie. flow without disruption, that prevents the acceptance of a specific probability distribution of the headways), in the queuing model with moving buffer, can be described using the maximum density  referring to the smooth flow.
  • 3.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
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