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Topic Review
Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles in Bridge Inspection
Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) constitute a rapidly evolving technology field that is becoming more accessible and capable of supplementing, expanding, and even replacing some traditionally manual bridge inspections. Given the classification of the bridge inspection types as initial, routine, in-depth, damage, special, and fracture critical members, specific UAV mission requirements can be developed, and their suitability for UAV application examined.
  • 532
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Unconventional Reservoirs
The world’s energy demand is steadily increasing where it has now become not easy for conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs to meet levels of demand. Therefore, oil and gas companies are seeking novel ways to exploit and unlock the potential of unconventional resources. Drilling of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells and shale reservoirs has become more widespread in the global petroleum and natural gas industry. There is a current need to extend robust techniques beyond costly drilling and completion jobs, with the potential for exponential expansion. This paper explains a better understanding of the selection of drilling fluids and additives for unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. 
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Unconventional Outside Left-Turn Lanes
For countries driving right, left-turn lanes are usually on the inside of roads. However, when there are a large number of vehicles turning left in the outer lane of the upstream section of the intersection, these vehicles will be forced to pass many consecutive parallel lanes and then enter the left-turn lane. During this process, many traffic conflicts will occur between left-turning vehicles and going-straight vehicles, which will lead to longer traffic delays. 
  • 474
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Uncertainty Modelling for Probabilistic Power System Stability Analysis
The increased penetration of system uncertainties related to renewable energy sources, new types of loads and their fluctuations, and deregulation of the electricity markets necessitates probabilistic power system analysis. The abovementioned factors significantly affect the power system stability, which requires computationally intensive simulation, including frequency, voltage, transient, and small disturbance stability. Altogether 40 uncertainty modelling (UM) techniques are collated with their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and application areas, particularly highlighting their accuracy and efficiency (as both are crucial for power system stability applications). 
  • 341
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Uncertain Travel Times in Distribution Logistics
Uncertainty quantification is a critical aspect of distribution logistics, particularly unpredictable travel times caused by traffic congestion and varying transportation conditions.
  • 195
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
UNAVCO
UNAVCO is a non-profit university-governed consortium that facilitates geoscience research and education using Geodesy. UNAVCO is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to support geoscience research around the world. UNAVCO operates the GAGE Facility (Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience) on behalf of the NSF and NASA. As a university-governed consortium, UNAVCO supports the goals of the academic scientific community. UNAVCO has 120 US academic members and supports over 110 organizations globally as associate members.
  • 557
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and is treated with surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these regimens. Despite its ample use, chemotherapy has limitations such as bioavailability, adverse side effects, high-dose requirements, low therapeutic indices, multiple drug resistance development, and non-specific targeting. Drug delivery vehicles or carriers, of which nanocarriers are prominent, have been introduced to overcome chemotherapy limitations. Nanocarriers have been preferentially used in breast cancer chemotherapy because of their role in protecting therapeutic agents from degradation, enabling efficient drug concentration in target cells or tissues, overcoming drug resistance, and their relatively small size. However, nanocarriers are affected by physiological barriers, bioavailability of transported drugs, and other factors. To resolve these issues, the use of external stimuli has been introduced, such as ultrasound, infrared light, thermal stimulation, microwaves, and X-rays. Recently, ultrasound-responsive nanocarriers have become popular because they are cost-effective, non-invasive, specific, tissue-penetrating, and deliver high drug concentrations to their target.
  • 495
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound-Induced Drug Release from Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel drug delivery systems are designed to release a payload when prompted by an external stimulus. These platforms have become prominent in the field of drug delivery due to their ability to provide spatial and temporal control for drug release. Among the different external triggers that have been used, ultrasound possesses several advantages: it is non-invasive, has deep tissue penetration, and can safely transmit acoustic energy to a localized area.
  • 432
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound of Small Bowel Obstruction
Ultrasound is an excellent initial imaging modality for assisting physicians in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of small bowel occlusion.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasound Image Analysis with Vision Transformers
Ultrasound (US) has become a widely used imaging modality in clinical practice, characterized by its rapidly evolving technology, advantages, and unique challenges, such as a low imaging quality and high variability. There is a need to develop advanced automatic US image analysis methods to enhance its diagnostic accuracy and objectivity. Vision transformers, a recent innovation in machine learning, have demonstrated significant potential in various research fields, including general image analysis and computer vision, due to their capacity to process large datasets and learn complex patterns. Their suitability for automatic US image analysis tasks, such as classification, detection, and segmentation, has been recognized. 
  • 181
  • 13 Mar 2024
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