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Topic Review
European Hand Fans in the 18th Century
Hand fans first arrived in Europe in the 15th century from Asia and became popular in the 16th century. Several fan styles were common and a plethora of materials were used to create them. Subject matter varied greatly, from Biblical scenes to landscapes. Hand fans serve as a cooling mechanism, social instrument, and fashion accessory.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
European Smart Mobility–Aspects Connected with Bike Road System
Smart mobility refers to the use of technology and data to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and accessibility of transportation systems. It encompasses a wide range of transportation modes, including cars, bikes, buses, trains, and more.
  • 435
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Eurostar
Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service connecting the United Kingdom with France , Belgium and the Netherlands. Most Eurostar trains travel through the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated separately by Getlink. The London terminus is London St Pancras International; the other British calling points are Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International in Kent. Intermediate calling points in France are Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe. Trains to Paris terminate at Gare du Nord. Trains to Belgium and the Netherlands serve Brussels-South and Rotterdam Centraal, before terminating at Amsterdam Centraal. Additionally, in France there are direct services from London to Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy (Disneyland Paris) and seasonal direct services to southern France (Lyon, Avignon and Marseille) in summer, and to the French Alps in winter. The service is operated by 11 Class 373/1 trainsets, each with 18 coaches, and 17 Class 374 trainsets, each with 16 coaches. The trains run at up to 320 kilometers per hour (200 mph) on high-speed lines. The LGV Nord high-speed line in France opened before Eurostar services began in 1994, and newer lines enabling faster journeys were added later: HSL 1 in Belgium and High Speed 1 in south-east England. The French and Belgian parts of the network are shared with Paris–Brussels Thalys services and TGV trains. Eurostar is operated by Eurostar International Limited (EIL), jointly owned by SNCF, the national railway of France (55%), investment firms (40%), and the National Railway Company of Belgium (5%).
  • 2.9K
  • 20 Nov 2022
Topic Review
EV Charging
EVs or Plug-In EVs (PEVs) are powered by rechargeable batteries and classified in the green technology vehicles, which will replace the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). The transferring technologies from petroleum-based transportation to green transportation has a number of benefits in several areas like economic, environment, and technical support.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Oct 2023
Topic Review
EV Charging on Local PCC and Distribution Network
The revolution due to technological advancement has paved the way for clean and efficient transportation systems, which, in turn, has posed new social and technical challenges to the current electric grid. Most implementations of electro-mobility envision large amount of charging of electric vehicles (EVs) from the low- or medium-voltage distribution network. The impacts of charging on those grids could put a limit on the electrification of transport, at least in the long term.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
EV-Connected DC Microgrid
EV-Connected DC Microgrids (DCMGs) have been preferred due to their lack of frequency stability issues, current harmonics, phase imbalances, and reactive power. In addition, since the process of integrating DG sources into a DCMG system is more straightforward in comparison to ACMGs, DCMGs are constructed more effectively. As a result, recent research interest in MGs has been primarily focused on the DCMG system.
  • 580
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Evacuation Simulation under Threat of Wildfire
Wildfires have become a common incident, and they have been threatening people’s lives and assets. In the communities close to wildlands or wildland–urban interfaces (WUI), these threats become increasingly serious, and in case of wildfires, people are advised or often have to evacuate the area to save their lives. In order to have a safe and effective evacuation, data on people’s behavior and decisions during wildfires, evacuation modeling, and traffic simulations are required. 
  • 271
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Evaluating Geothermal Systems through Life Cycle Assessment
In these days of heightened environmental consciousness, many countries are shifting their focus towards renewable energy sources for both large-scale uses (such as power plants that generate electricity) and smaller-scale applications (e.g., building heating and cooling). Taking into account a holistic method, LCA on the one hand allows to display the whole life cycle of a system from the extraction of raw materials, its creation to the production phase and finally to its disposal. On the other hand, it reveals through multiple environmental impact categories, the hot spots that account for the different stages of the cycle defining the environmental identity of the system and consequently driving policy makers on taking final decisions. Geothermal energy is an extremely viable alternative that, combined with other renewable energy systems, may mitigate the negative effects of the existing energy mix worldwide.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Evaluating Wheat Suppliers Using Fuzzy MCDM Technique
Wheat has significantly impacted food security in numerous countries. Like the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, Jordan’s daily diet contains a sizable amount of wheat. Further, Jordan is dealing with several issues, including rapid population growth, water scarcity, widespread urbanization, and limited agricultural wheat production. Thus, it imports most of its wheat and wheat products. Moreover, the method of selecting suppliers in Jordan is unique, as private importers import for the benefit of the government, and thus, the selection of suppliers is carried out by importers.
  • 192
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation for the Passenger Comfort in Automated Vehicles
With the development of intelligence and network connectivity, the development of the automotive industry is also moving toward intelligent systems. For passengers, the utility of intelligence is to achieve more convenience and comfort. The intelligent cockpit is the place where passengers directly interact with the car, which directly affects the experience of passengers in the car. For the intelligent cockpits that have emerged, it could be used for the evaluation of passenger comfort.
  • 857
  • 22 Jun 2022
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