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Topic Review
Microbiology of Syngas-to-Acetate Fermentation
Biotransformation of lignocellulose-derived synthetic gas (syngas) into acetic acid is a promising way of creating biochemicals from lignocellulosic waste materials. Acetic acid has a growing market with applications within food, plastics and for upgrading into a wide range of biofuels and bio-products. This text described mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms in axenic and culture that have the capability of syngas-to-acetate conversion, including their metabolic pathway.
  • 645
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Silver Nanostructure
Silver nanoparticles are one of the commonly used metal materials for SP because of their high sensitivity to refractive index change, convenient synthesis, and high controllable degree of shape and size. Silver nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes are used in many fields. Various synthesis methods have undergone many improvements over time and technological developments in order to provide precise control over the shape and size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticle fabrication is usually divided into two categories: top-down and bottom-up.
  • 472
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction
Groundwater and surface water, though thought to be different entities in the past, are connected throughout the different landforms of the world. The interaction between groundwater and surface water (GW–SW) is responsible for a phenomenon like contaminant transport, and understanding it helps to estimate the effects of climate change, land use on chemical behavior, and the nature of water. 
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Road Design for Wind Farms
Wind power plays an important role in the development of new energy era, and the road of wind farm is also the early preparation for the construction of wind power facilities. The complex terrain conditions of wind farm, large weight, long volume of wind turbine equipment, high economic requirement of road transportation, and lack of relevant standards and specifications lead to difficulty in road design and route selection of wind farm. In addition, frequent excavation and landfills during the construction of wind farm seriously destroy the original surface vegetation cover and soil structure, resulting in a large number of water and soil losses and ecological damage of wind farm.
  • 428
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biomass Resources in Jordan
The state of Jordan’s energy independence is critical, with the country relying almost entirely on imported oil and gas. Consequently, energy availability is considered to be the most significant challenge faced by Jordan’s industrial sectors. Jordan generates large amounts of animal, human, and agricultural waste each year, of which one-third is food waste. Most of Jordan’s biomass resources are dispersed throughout the country, and there is limited collection coverage. During biomass collection in Jordan, a significant amount of agricultural residue is lost, either by being burned or reused as animal food.
  • 544
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Urban Traffic Signal Control under Mixed Traffic Flows
Mixed traffic flows are opening up new areas for research and are seen as key drivers in the field of data and services that will make roads safer and more environmentally friendly. Understanding the effects of Connected Vehicles (CVs) and Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), as one of the vehicle components of mixed traffic flows, will make it easier to avoid traffic congestion and contribute to the creation of innovative applications and solutions.
  • 377
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete
Ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a cementitious composite which contains fibres. UHPFRC has emerged as an effective structural retrofitting material due to its superior mechanical properties. In addition, UHPFRC has outstanding durability, ductility and workability; a low permeability; and a high abrasion and fire resistance. 
  • 309
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Skin Lesion Datasets and Image Preprocessing
Skin lesions affect millions of people worldwide. They can be easily recognized based on their typically abnormal texture and color but are difficult to diagnose due to similar symptoms among certain types of lesions.
  • 836
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Framework and Classification of Battery System Architectures
Battery system architectures are methodologically derived in order to find the key type differences. In a first step, the system levels are identified and distinguished. In order to be able to completely cover the solution space of battery system architectures, a distinction is also made between mono- and multifunctional materials. Based on the system levels, a framework for possible architectures is derived. Four system architecture generations with a total of eight different types are identified and analyzed in the dimensions “Nomenclature”, “Approach”, “Omitted Components” and “Industry Examples”. In this way, upcoming system architectures, such as cell-to-pack and cell-to-chassis, can be clearly differentiated. Finally, fundamental product characteristics for the four system generations are derived and compared.
  • 557
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Ultrasound Scanning
Ultrasound (US) is a flexible imaging modality used globally as a first-line medical exam procedure in many different clinical cases. It benefits from the continued evolution of ultrasonic technologies and a well-established US-based digital health system. Nevertheless, its diagnostic performance still presents challenges due to the inherent characteristics of US imaging, such as manual operation and significant operator dependence. Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven to recognize complicated scan patterns and provide quantitative assessments for imaging data. 
  • 493
  • 17 Apr 2023
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