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Topic Review
Fuel Cell Products for Sustainable Transportation
Hydrogen and fuel cells have gained attention as a viable alternative energy system. In general, fuel cells work with fuels like hydrogen, methanol, or natural gas to convert the chemical energy in the fuel into direct current (DC) without intermediate combustion, as is the case with conventional engines. Their improved efficiency and minimal emissions make fuel cells a candidate for a sustainable source of energy technology for the future. The type of fuel cell, costs of raw materials, and methods of manufacturing determine the fuel cell market and hence the transition towards the hydrogen economy.
  • 414
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Microalgae Cultivation
Microalgae is a renewable resource with potential value as a commodity and for combating climate change. Commercial cultivation can be done through open ponds or photobioreactors (PBRs), with open ponds being less expensive. PBRs offer potential better controls but are hindered by cost-related issues. Outdoor PBRs are a promising solution, but challenges related to relying on natural resources remain. Further research is needed to make PBRs commercially viable.
  • 726
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Robots in Building Inspection and Monitoring
Regular inspection and monitoring of buildings and infrastructure, that is collectively called the built environment herein, is critical. The built environment includes commercial and residential buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels, and pipelines. Automation and robotics can aid in reducing errors and increasing the efficiency of inspection tasks. As a result, robotic inspection and monitoring of the built environment has become a significant research topic in recent years.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Smart Cement-Based Composites
Under the strategies of low-carbon and environmental protection, promoting green technology innovation to achieve carbon neutrality in the construction field has become a universal goal. As the building material with the highest consumption, concrete has gradually begun to transform into a multi-functional and intelligent product. Therefore, the research on carbon fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (CFRCs) is of relative interest. It mainly uses carbon fibers (CFs) with high elasticity, strength, and conductivity to disperse evenly into the concrete as a functional filler, to achieve the intelligent integration of concrete structures and function innovatively. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of CFRC is not only related to the content of CFs and environmental factors but also largely depends on the uniform dispersion and the interfacial bonding strength of CFs in cement paste. 
  • 279
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Methanol as a Clean Energy Carrier
Clean methanol can play an important role in achieving net zero emission targets by decarbonizing the energy and chemical sectors. Conventionally, methanol is produced by using fossil fuel as raw material, which releases a significant amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the environment. Clean methanol, which is produced by hydrogen (H2) from renewable sources (green H2) and captured carbon dioxide (CO2), is totally free from the influence of fossil fuel. Due to its vast applications, clean methanol has potential to substitute for fossil fuels while preventing further GHGs emissions. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass should be utilized for producing green H2, while CO2 captured from air, and more likely from point emission sources, can be recycled to produce clean methanol. After producing methanol from CO2 and H2, the removal of by-product water by distillation is a big challenge due its high energy consumption. An alternative approach for this methanol-water separation is membrane technology, which is an energy saving option. Water-selective zeolite membranes can separate water post-synthesis, as well as during the synthesis. Production efficiency of methanol can be enhanced by utilizing zeolite membranes inside the methanol synthesis reactor. Furthermore, CO2 conversion as well as methanol selectivity, purity and yield can also be increased significantly by selectively removing by-product water using a zeolite membrane reactor.
  • 417
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Metal Hydrides
A metal hydride is a compound formed between a metal and hydrogen, in which the hydrogen atoms are bonded to the metal atoms through chemical bonds. Metal hydrides have a wide range of applications as energy storage materials, catalysts, and structural materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Smart City Transformation
Cities worldwide are experiencing rapid urbanization and an increasing population, creating a pressing need for smart infrastructure to enhance citizen services. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, faces similar technological and socio-economic challenges, making it crucial to transform it into a sustainable smart city.
  • 438
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Magneto-Fluorescent Nanoparticles
Novel nanomaterials are of interest in biology, medicine, and imaging applications. Multimodal fluorescent-magnetic nanoparticles demand special attention because they have the potential to be employed as diagnostic and medication-delivery tools, which, in turn, might make it easier to diagnose and treat cancer, as well as a wide variety of other disorders. 
  • 555
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Microgrid Energy Market
Electricity generation using distributed renewable energy systems is becoming increasingly common due to the significant increase in energy demand and the high operation of conventional power systems with fossil fuels. Microgrids are rapidly becoming attractive because they assist in reducing the load congestion on the traditional power system, have a less environmental impact, intensify the power generation capacity, are easy to install, offer localized generation to the consumers, and are highly efficient with increased reliability.
  • 317
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Formic Acid as Liquid Carrier for H2 Storage
The development of low-carbon technologies that will facilitate the efficient use of hydrogen (H2) as an energy carrier is a critical requirement of contemporary society. To this end, it is anticipated that the cost of H2 production will become a key factor in tandem with production efficiency, process safety, and transport. Much effort has been made to create and develop new, reversible, and sustainable H2 storage systems. Among current techniques, formic acid (FA) has been identified as an efficient energy carrier for H2 storage. Numerous homogeneous catalysts based on transition metals with high activity and selectivity have been reported for selective FA dehydrogenation. 
  • 588
  • 20 Apr 2023
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