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Topic Review
Solar Photovoltaic Tracking Systems
Maximum solar power can be generated only when the Sun is perpendicular to the solar panel, which can be achieved only for a few hours when using a fixed solar panel system, hence the development of an automatic solar tracking system. Over the years, different solar tracking systems have been proposed and developed.
  • 366
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Dependability of 6G Networks
The sixth-generation (6G) communication networks must be highly dependable due to the foreseen connectivity of critical infrastructures through these networks. Dependability is a compound metric of four well-known concepts—reliability, availability, safety, and security.
  • 513
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Circular Economy in the Building Sector
The building sector had the highest share by weight of waste, with 37% of waste generation, compared to all the other economic activities in Europe in 2022. The building sector contributes to the building stock that is in a continuous state of growth, placing pressure on resource consumption, related contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and planetary degradation. The circular economy (CE)  principles would thus help alleviate this risk. However, the application of CE principles to the building sector is limited. Shedding more light on the possibilities for a CE in the building sector to transition to a more circularly built environment is thus crucial.
  • 393
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Performance Analysis in MANET
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network where mobile nodes can share information through wireless links without dedicated hardware that handles the network routing. MANETs’ nodes create on-the-fly connections with each other to share information, and they frequently join and leave MANET during run time. Therefore, flexibility in MANETs is needed to be able to handle variations in the number of existing network nodes. An effective routing protocol should be used to be able to route data packets within this dynamic network. Lacking centralized infrastructure in MANETs makes it harder to secure communication between network nodes, and this lack of infrastructure makes network nodes vulnerable to harmful attacks. Testbeds might be used to test MANETs under specific conditions, but researchers prefer to use simulators to obtain more flexibility and less cost during MANETs’ environment setup and testing. A MANET’s environment is dependent on the required scenario, and an appropriate choice of the used simulator that fulfills the researcher’s needs is important. Furthermore, researchers need to define the simulation parameters and the other parameters required by the routing protocol used. In addition, if the MANET’s environment handles some conditions where malicious nodes perform network attacks, the parameters affecting the MANET from the attack perspective need to be understood.
  • 331
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Technology and System Structure
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, charging facilities for electric vehicles are gradually improving, thus meeting the demand for fast and safe charging. 
  • 274
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Electric and Hydrogen Automobile
The negative consequences of toxic emissions from internal combustion engines, energy security, climate change, and energy costs have led to a growing demand for clean power sources in the automotive industry. Developing eco-friendly vehicle technologies, such as electric and hydrogen vehicles, has increased. The researchers investigate whether hydrogen vehicles will replace electric vehicles in the future. The results showed that fuel-cell cars are unlikely to compete with electric cars. This is due to the advancements in electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, which are becoming more cost-effective and efficient. Additionally, the technical progress in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is expected to reduce the market share of Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) in passenger vehicles. However, there are significant investments in hydrogen cars. Many ongoing investments seem to follow the sunk cost fallacy, where decision-makers continue to invest in an unprofitable project due to the already invested resources. Furthermore, even with megawatt charging, fuel-cell trucks cost more than battery-powered electric trucks. The use cases for fuel-cell electric trucks are also much more limited, as their running expenses are higher compared to electric cars. Hydrogen vehicles may be beneficial for heavy transport in remote areas. However, it remains to be seen if niche markets are large enough to support fuel-cell electric truck commercialization and economies of scale. In summary, researchers believe hydrogen vehicles will not replace electric cars and trucks, at least before 2050.
  • 303
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Aluminum-Si Alloys
Aluminum alloys are at the pinnacle of the light metal world, especially in the automotive and aerospace industries.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Characterization of Planar Magnetics
High-power density and high-efficiency power converters have become popular in a wide range of industrial applications including telecommunications, automotive, aerospace, and data processing. When it comes to achieving high power density, it is inevitable that switch-mode power converters will need to be utilized. High-frequency power-conversion applications are increasingly using planar magnetic devices to replace traditional transformers and inductors.
  • 569
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Damages in Hydraulic Turbines
Failure can be defined as any change in a machinery part or component that results in its inability to execute its intended function satisfactorily. Machines are the core of every production line. Failure of the equipment carries a huge cost, which is not limited to wasting money and time on directly repairing equipment, but also includes the cost of unused equipment and the cost of lost unemployment benefits. Kaplan turbines, as one of the well-known hydraulic turbines, are generally utilized worldwide for low-head and high-flow conditions. Any failure in each of the turbine components can result in long-term downtime and high repair costs.
  • 939
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
TLS Survey for Heritage Building Information Modeling
Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) is an essential technology for heritage documentation, conservation, and management. It enables people to understand, archive, advertise, and virtually reconstruct their built heritage. Creating highly accurate HBIM models requires the use of several reality capture tools, such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), etc. 
  • 410
  • 25 Apr 2023
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