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Biography
David Welch (Optical Engineer)
David F. Welch, Ph.D, (born October 26, 1960) is an American businessman[1] and research scientist. Welch is a pioneer in the field of optical devices and optical transport systems for telecommunications networks. Welch first made it possible to commercially deploy reliable 980 nm laser pumps, needed in low noise optical amplifiers employed in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) telec
  • 606
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
DAVINCI+
DAVINCI+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging, Plus) is a planned mission for an orbiter and atmospheric probe to the planet Venus. Together with the VERITAS mission, which will also study Venus, it was selected by NASA on 2 June 2021 to be part of their Discovery Program. DAVINCI+ will send both an orbiter and a descent probe to Venus. The orbiter will image Venus in multiple wavelengths from above, while the descent probe will study the chemical composition of Venus' atmosphere and take photographs during descent. The DAVINCI+ probe will travel through the Venusian atmosphere, sampling the atmosphere, and returning measurements down to the surface. These measurements are important to understanding the origin of the atmosphere, how it has evolved, and how and why it is different from the atmosphere of Earth and Mars. The measurements taken by DAVINCI+ will investigate the possible history of water on Venus and the chemical processes at work in the unexplored lower atmosphere. Before it reaches the surface, the DAVINCI+ probe will capture high resolution images of the planet's ridged terrain ("tesserae"), returning the first images of the planet's surface since Soviet Venera 13 lander in 1981. It will also collect data for studying the planet's origin, and its tectonic and weathering history.
  • 734
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Daylight in Downtown Area of a Compact City
Daylight is of utmost importance and should be the main source of light in most areas dedicated to working and living. When considering the contemporary way of living, it can be easily discerned that most of human life is spent indoors, yet in a typical architectonic design approach, daylight is too often hardly of consequence. Hence daylight becomes a critical factor. Designers comply with the legal requirements of the solar hours required for areas subjected to constant use. Simultaneously for electrical engineers’ daylight is only an additional source of light valued only where energy efficiency is concerned. 
  • 625
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Daytime and Overnight Joint Time-Varying Charging
The objective is to minimize the total charging costs of all BEBs. Two important factors, i.e., peak–valley price and time-varying charging power, are considered to depict real-world charging situations.  Numerical results show that compared with the existing first come, first serve rule-based charging solution, the charging schedule obtained by solving the established model via the CPLEX solver can save 7%–8% of BEB charging costs. Hence, our model could be applied to improve the BEB charging schedule in practice.
  • 257
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
DC Ultra-Fast Charging Station
The battery charging procedure has different definitions and requirements. One of the most important definitions is the battery C rating. The battery capacity is usually rated at 1C (1C current). A 400 V battery with 100 kWh capacity can be charged or discharged with 250 A within one hour. This means that with the use of 1 kA of current, the battery can be recharged in 15 min. Therefore, an increase in C rating yields a faster charging or discharging time. However, C rate increase has technically some limitations, including increases in internal energy losses, battery thermal tolerance, and reducing battery’s life-cycle. The 6C rate of charging is considered as an ultra-fast charging method according to the US Department of Energy (DOE). As a result, a trade-off exists between ultra-fast charging and battery health. Different possible configurations of DC ultra-fast charging stations are AC-coupled, DC-coupled, and hybrid-coupled. 
  • 451
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
DC-BUS
DC-BUS is technology for reliable and economical communication over noisy DC or AC power lines. The DC-BUS was originally developed by Yamar Electronics Ltd. together with the DC-BUS Alliance, for low cost sub-networks in vehicles, using the battery lines for in-vehicle data communication. The DC-BUS converts the digital input data into phase modulated signals, protected against errors generated by noise over the powerline. On the receiving side, the received signal is demodulated into the original digital data. Gradually it became a popular means of communication in a plurality of applications within aerospace, automotive, solar energy management and lighting. It is also used as an alternative to RS-232 and RS-485 networks in some cases. The common goal for all these applications is reducing wires, saving space, lowering cost and increasing reliability.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
DC-DC Converter Topologies for LEV Charging
Design and analysis of power electronic converters is an integral aspect of light electric vehicle (LEV) chargers. In this respect, researchers have proposed novel DC-DC converter topologies with optimized active and passive component count. Isolated DC-DC converters are preferred for chargers with higher power ratings. They provide galvanic isolation between the input and output stage by using a high frequency transformer.
  • 433
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
DC-DC Converters for Solar Photo Voltaic
The DC microgrid contains renewable energy sources and a hybrid energy storage unit. The role and performance of versatile DC-DC converters in AC/DC and Hybrid microgrid applications, especially when solar (photo voltaic) PV is the major source.
  • 788
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
De-Handing Technologies for Banana Postharvest Operations
Bananas are the largest fruit crop in terms of planting area and trade volume in the world. Banana planting is mainly concentrated in developing countries in tropical and subtropical regions such as China, Brazil, India, Ecuador and the Philippines where it provides one of the main sources of income for farmers. The harvest and postharvest operations in bananas primarily include field picking, ropeway transportation, de-handing, cleaning and disinfecting, and packaging and distributing to grocery outlets. With the development and advancement of mechanization, automation and intelligent technologies, the production efficiency of banana farmers has been greatly improved. Currently, various operations in banana postharvest operations have been mechanized to varying degrees; however, the de-handing operation still relies on manual labor.
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
De-Icing
De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is understood to be the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier.
  • 2.3K
  • 31 Oct 2022
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