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Topic Review
Cell-Surface Engineering
Literature in the field of stem cell therapy indicates that, when stem cells in a state of single-cell suspension are injected systemically, they show poor in vivo survival, while such cells show robust cell survival and regeneration activity when transplanted in the state of being attached on a biomaterial surface.
  • 546
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cellular Automata in Modeling and Predicting Urban Densification
The creation of an accurate simulation of future urban growth is considered to be one of the most important challenges of the last five decades that involves spatial modeling within a GIS environment. Even though built-up densification processes, or transitions from low to high density, are critical for policymakers concerned with limiting sprawl, the literature on models for urban study reveals that most of them focus solely on the expansion process. Although the majority of these models have similar goals, they differ in terms of implementation and theoretical assumptions. Cellular automata (CA) models have been proven to be successful at simulating urban growth dynamics and projecting future scenarios at multiple scales.
  • 538
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Cellular Confinement
Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention. Typical cellular confinement systems are geosynthetics made with ultrasonically welded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) strips or novel polymeric alloy (NPA)—and expanded on-site to form a honeycomb-like structure—and filled with sand, soil, rock, gravel or concrete.
  • 440
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cellular Data Communication Protocol
The protocols described here are from different cellular data communication protocols.
  • 2.2K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cellulases
Cellulose is a macromolecular polysaccharide linked by glucose via a β-1,4-glycosidic bond, is insoluble in water and organic solvents, and forms the plant cell wall together with hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin. Cellulases are a group of enzymes that can hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of cellulose to produce glucose, and the members of this group include exoglucanase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase. The synergistic action of these enzymes can break down cellulose into glucose.
  • 915
  • 28 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cellulose and Microfluidics
Cellulose, a linear polysaccharide, is the most common and renewable biopolymer in nature.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cellulose Triacetate Hollow-Fiber Membranes
Cellulose triacetate (CTA)-based hollow fiber (HF) membrane is one of the commercially successful semipermeable membranes that has had a long progress since the time the excellent semi-permeable feature of cellulose-based polymers was found in 1957. Because of the reliable and excellent performances, especially for drinking water production from seawater, CTA-HFs have been widely used as reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, especially in arid regions. 
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Cement Production in Nigeria
Cement is the most common and extensively used adhesive in the construction industry. It is employed on highways, houses, embankments, bridges, commercial establishments, and flyovers. In recent years, the Nigerian cement industry has grown from import dependency to an export-thriving epicentre within Africa. The country possesses the largest cement industry within West Africa, with at least 12 registered companies amounting to a merged cement capacity of 58.9 Mt/yr. Dangote Cement is the largest cement producer in Nigeria and West Africa, manufacturing a combined share of more than 28.5 Mt/yr of cement capacity. Also, LafargeHolcim (through its subsidiary AshakaCem & Lafarge WAPCO) and BUA Group boost 18.9 Mt/yr and 11.5 Mt/yr of integrated cement capacity, respectively.
  • 13.4K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Cement Substitute in Concrete Manufacturing
Striving for reduction of production costs and constraints on natural resources cause the use of waste materials as substitutes of traditional raw materials to become increasingly important. Dynamic development of sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants observed over the recent years leads to increase of mass of the produced sewage sludge. According to the Waste Law, the municipal sewage sludge can be used if it is properly stabilized, e.g., through thermal processing. This process results in significant quantities of fly ash which must be properly utilized. The description presents a brief highlight of solution of the abovementioned problem — the possibility of application of fly ash wastes as a cement substitute in the concrete manufacturing. If a predefined quantity of cement is replaced by the fly ash, then one can obtain cement composite with good strength parameters. This assumption is confirmed by the investigations.
  • 743
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cement-Based Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites
Compatibility, a critical issue between sensing material and host structure, significantly influences the detecting performance (e.g., sensitive, signal-to-noise ratio) of the embedded sensor. To address this issue in concrete-based infrastructural health monitoring, cement-based piezoelectric composites (piezoelectric ceramic particles as a function phase and cementitious materials as a matrix) have attracted continuous attention in the past two decades, dramatically exhibiting superior durability, sensitivity, and compatibility.
  • 547
  • 13 May 2021
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