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Topic Review
Blockchain Technology for Service Provisioning in Cellular Networks
The attention on blockchain technology (BCT) to create new forms of relational reliance has seen an explosion of new applications and initiatives, to assure decentralized security and trust. Its potential as a game-changing technology relates to how data gets distributed and replicated over several organizations and countries. 
  • 113
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Strategies to Improve Water Resistance in Protein Adhesives
Proteins are the most abundant class of bio-based adhesive feedstocks; they are primarily linear polyamides composed of polypeptides linkages of amino acids. The fundamental structure is determined by the polypeptide structure of the protein. The overall mechanism to produce protein-based adhesives is a denaturing process that involves an aqueous reaction matrix. Protein adhesives stand out due to their sustainability, renewable sources, and biodegradability. However, they are limited by poor wet strength and water resistance, which affect their wide acceptability in the marketplace. Researchers have developed multiple strategies to mitigate these issues to advance protein adhesives so they may compete more favorably with their petroleum-based counterparts.
  • 235
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
Fuel cell electric vehicles represent a possible solution to meet the objectives of the energy transition currently underway, which sees the replacement of combustion vehicles with low environmental impact vehicles. For this reason, this market is expected to markedly grow in the coming years. 
  • 222
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Barriers and Enables in Demand Response Performance Chain
The role of demand response increases considerably with a higher share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix, characterized with more frequent energy market price fluctuations due to mismatch between uncontrollable weather-dependent production and currently relatively inflexible energy consumption. Reallocation of energy consumption from high-price hours to lower price hours helps to avoid extra costs to the entire economy and ensures the possibility to minimize fossil-based energy generation, therefore contributing to the achievement of zero-emission goals.
  • 269
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Under-Expanded Jets in Advanced Propulsion Systems
The current ongoing rise in environmental pollution is leading research efforts toward the adoption of propulsion systems powered by gaseous fuels like hydrogen, methane, e-fuels, etc. Although gaseous fuels have been used in several types of propulsion systems, there are still many aspects that can be improved and require further study. For this reason, researchers considered it important to provide a review of the latest research topics, with a particular focus on the injection process. In advanced engine systems, fuel supply is achieved via enhanced direct injection into the combustion chamber. The latter involves the presence of under-expanded jets. Under-expanded jets are a particular kind of compressible flow.
  • 227
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Recycled Waste Materials and Technologies in Asphalt Pavements
Given the prevailing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and the growing demand for renewable resources, the pavement industry, among others, is actively engaged in researching and exploring low-carbon materials and technologies. Despite the growing interest in low-carbon asphalt pavement, there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding the use of various waste materials and technologies to achieve this goal. 
  • 200
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Lane Detection
Lane detection is a vital component of intelligent driving systems, offering indispensable functionality to keep the vehicle within its designated lane, thereby reducing the risk of lane departure.
  • 284
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nanofluids as a Waste Heat Recovery Medium
The thermal energy storage and conversion process possesses high energy losses in the form of waste heat. The losses associated with energy conversion achieve almost 90% of the worldwide energy supply, and approximately half of these losses are waste heat. Hence, waste heat recovery approaches intend to recuperate that large amount of wasted heat from chimneys, vehicles, and solar energy systems, among others. The novel class of thermal fluids designated by nanofluids has a high potential to be employed in waste heat recovery. It has already been demonstrated that nanofluids enhance energy recovery efficiency by more than 20%. Also, the use of nanofluids can improve the energy capacity of steelworks systems by around three times. In general, nanofluids can improve efficiency and reduce exergy destruction and carbon emissions in devices like heat exchangers.
  • 278
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation of Sourcing Decision for Hydrogen Supply Chain
The use of fossil fuels has caused many environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions and associated climate change. Several studies have focused on mitigating this problem. One dynamic direction for emerging sources of future renewable energy is the use of hydrogen energy.
  • 154
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Laboratory Testing and Classification of Mudrocks
Mudrocks are fine-grained clay-rich rocks that comprise different lithotypes forming more than 60% of all sedimentary rocks, and thus, they occur frequently in engineering projects either as natural ground or as made ground. These rocks may display a range of engineering behaviours controlled mostly by their composition and structural features. Due to rapid breakdown and susceptibility to volume changes, they may cause problems both during and after construction. Research into the susceptibility of mudrocks to breakdown aims to predict problematic behaviour and provide guidance for avoiding or mitigating these effects. Low-durability materials that disintegrate during sampling and testing can be especially difficult to assess. 
  • 197
  • 19 Oct 2023
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