Topic Review
Machine Learning in Wind Turbine Wake Modeling
As wind energy continues to be a crucial part of sustainable power generation, the need for precise and efficient modeling of wind turbines, especially under yawed conditions, becomes increasingly significant. Addressing this, the current study introduces a machine learning-based symbolic regression approach for elucidating wake dynamics.
  • 259
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Accelerating Methods on Gas Nitriding
Gas nitriding, as a surface modification technology to improve the wear resistance of workpiece surfaces, is widely used in wind turbine gears, pressure vessel gears, high-precision die casting abrasives, and other areas. However, the gas nitriding time is too long, reaching 40–60 h, which reduces the efficiency of nitriding and hinders the development of gas nitriding. Therefore, various accelerating methods are born accordingly. There are five common accelerating methods are summarized: process parameter optimization, surface mechanical nano-crystallization, surface-active catalysis, surface pre-oxidation, and surface laser treatment. 
  • 518
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Estimation of Muckpile Fragmentation Methods
Blasting is a very effective method of crushing various types of rocks with different hardness in mining, as it can crush a large amount of rocks at once and at a low cost. In addition, muckpile fragmentation is represented by particle size distribution, which is an important parameter for optimizing blasting plans. Methods for measuring the particle size distribution of muckpile fragmentation include sieving and using laser scanners, and methods using 2D images.
  • 148
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fabricates Bulk Metallic Glasses
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) display excellent strength, high hardness, exceptional wear resistance and corrosion resistance owing to its amorphous structure. However, the manufacturing of large-sized and complex shaped BMG parts faces significant difficulties, which seriously hinders their applications. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a typical additive manufacturing (AM) technique with a cooling rate of up to 108 K/s, which not only allows for the formation of amorphous structures but also solves the forming problem of complex-shaped BMG parts. In recent years, a large amount of work has been carried out on the LPBF processing of BMGs. 
  • 195
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Power Electronics Revolutionized
Key parameters examined include bandgap, critical electric field, electron mobility, voltage/current ratings, switching frequency, and device packaging. The historical evolution of each material is traced from early research devices to current commercial offerings. Significant focus is given to SiC and GaN as they are now actively competing with Si devices in the market, enabled by their higher bandgaps.
  • 341
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Wheelchair Skills Training Using Virtual Reality
It is estimated that 1% of the global population are wheelchair users (WUs). To promote the integration of WUs in society and enhance their independence, it is important that they know how to manoeuvre a wheelchair safely. Several training programmes for wheelchair driving skills have been developed; some programmes entail navigating in everyday settings (i.e., homes, schools, etc.), while others focus on controlled environments where a set of tasks are performed.
  • 199
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Process
The important friction stir welding process (FSW) parameters affecting the joint quality are the rotational speed, tilt angle, traverse speed, axial force, and tool profile geometry.
  • 371
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
State of Art on Diagnostic and Prognostic Systems
From a general point of view, the main objective of these techniques is to prevent catastrophic failures by detecting the partial damage or deterioration of components and allowing maintenance operations to be organized. In fact, the protection devices commonly used in transmission and distribution networks guarantee the location of faults, such as short-circuits, putting the non-functioning branch of the network out of service. Alongside these devices, it is possible to introduce new intelligent algorithms capable of avoiding the total loss of functionality, thus improving the reliability of the entire network. This is one of the main challenges in modern smart grids, which are characterized by the massive integration of renewable energy sources and a high level of complexity.
  • 183
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
6G as Support for IoE and Private Networks
The emergence of the sixth generation of cellular systems (6G) signals a transformative era and ecosystem for mobile communications, driven by demands from technologies like the internet of everything (IoE), V2X communications, and factory automation. The primary goals of 6G include providing sophisticated and high-quality services, extremely reliable and further-enhanced mobile broadband (feMBB), low-latency communication (ERLLC), long-distance and high-mobility communications (LDHMC), ultra-massive machine-type communications (umMTC), extremely low-power communications (ELPC), holographic communications, and quality of experience (QoE), grounded in incorporating massive broad-bandwidth machine-type (mBBMT), mobile broad-bandwidth and low-latency (MBBLL), and massive low-latency machine-type (mLLMT) communications.
  • 495
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Properties of Bio-Crude Oil
The bio-crude oil, a dark brown viscous liquid, comprises a mixture of light hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, and remarkably, it contains a high liquid content, constituting up to 75 wt%, while generating gas and char as by-products, albeit in lower yields of about 12 wt% and 13 wt%, respectively.
  • 375
  • 13 Nov 2023
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