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Topic Review
Global Navigation Satellite System, Datums and Mapping Accuracy
Current Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based geodetic techniques allow up to millimeter accuracy in positioning to be achieved globally, and high-precision mass-market positioning is becoming available to an accuracy of 5–10 cm.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
TiO2-Based Nanostructures for Microbial Inactivation
Pathogenic microorganisms can spread throughout the world population, as the current COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically demonstrated. In this scenario, a protection against pathogens and other microorganisms can come from the use of photoactive materials as antimicrobial agents able to hinder, or at least limit, their spreading by means of photocatalytically assisted processes activated by light—possibly sunlight—promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill microorganisms in different matrices such as water or different surfaces without affecting human health. Here, we focus the attention on TiO2 nanoparticle-based antimicrobial materials, intending to provide an overview of the most promising synthetic techniques, toward possible large-scale production, critically review the capability of such materials to promote pathogen (i.e., bacteria, virus, and fungi) inactivation, and, finally, take a look at selected technological applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Low-Temperature Hot Stamping Technologies
Improvement of the hot stamping process is important for reducing processing costs and improving the productivity and tensile properties of final components. One major approach to this has been to conduct all or part of the process at lower temperatures.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Reservoirs
Development systems, placement and choice of operating mode of wells essentially depend on the geological structure of the reservoir, its volume and properties of oils. An important role in this is the construction of a geological model of the production facility. The used hydrodynamic models of development are based on physical laws, about which oil producers sometimes don’t even suspect, and the authors of the models are not always able to convey it to the real producers. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biochar Production Technologies and Applications
Biochar is a carbon-rich amorphous and aromatic material that may present various interesting properties such as high hydrophobicity, alkaline nature, relevant concentrations of nutrients (N, P, and K), good water and nutrient retention capacities, low thermal conductivity, high energy content, and high superficial porosity that enable interaction with external organic and inorganic compounds. These properties are largely dependent on feedstock type and biochar production conditions. Although biochar is mostly recognized as a valuable resource for soil fertilization and conditioning, this material also has significant potential to be used for water filtration and remediation processes, as an animal feed supplement, for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control (carbon sink feature), for insulation materials for the building sector, as an electrode material (for energy production and storage), cosmetic products, biogas production and improvement, and in catalytic processes.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Selection of Strategic Projects
Strategic projects are large scale, complex, and require significant investments and resources. These projects aim at gaining long-term social and economic benefits. Therefore, organizations focusing on strategic projects should use a consistent approach that suits their strategy, capability, and long-term expectations.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics is a computational mesh-free Lagrangian method developed by Gingold, Monaghan, and Lucy in 1977, initially intended for use in astrophysics.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Earthquake Consideration in Architectural Design: Guidelines for Architects
The need for architects and engineers to take earthquake resilience into account in their designs is becoming increasingly critical as urbanization keeps growing and more people move into earthquake-prone areas. Architectural earthquake-resistant designs are necessary to protect building integrity and occupant safety during seismic disasters.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Lithium-Ion Battery
Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) with high energy density are receiving increasing attention because of their environmental friendliness and are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide. Battery degradation problems, such as capacity fading and internal resistance increasing, inevitably occur with time and use. These cause great trouble to users and manufacturers.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Methanol Economy—Fuel Cell Route
It explores the renewable ways of obtaining methanol and its use in efficient energy systems for a net zero-emission carbon cycle, with a special focus on fuel cells. It investigates the different parts of the carbon cycle from a methanol and fuel cell perspective. In recent years, the potential for a methanol economy has been shown and there has been significant technological advancement of its renewable production and utilization. Even though its full adoption will require further development, it can be produced from renewable electricity and biomass or CO2 capture and can be used in several industrial sectors, which make it an excellent liquid electrofuel for the transition to a sustainable economy. By converting CO2 into liquid fuels, the harmful effects of CO2 emissions from existing industries that still rely on fossil fuels are reduced. The methanol can then be used both in the energy sector and the chemical industry, and become an all-around substitute for petroleum. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Oct 2021
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