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Topic Review
H2S Removal from Gas Mixtures Using Zeolites
Natural gas, biogas, and refinery gas all include H2S, which has adverse effects not only on the environment and human health but also on the equipment and catalysts that are employed in the relevant processes. H2S is removed from the aforementioned gases using a variety of techniques in order to fulfill the necessary sales criteria and for reasons of safety. The adsorption method stands out among various other approaches due to its straightforward operation, high level of efficiency, and low overall cost. This technique makes use of a variety of adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), activated carbon, and zeolites. The use of zeolite-based adsorbents is by far the most common of these various types.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds
A wide variety of bioactive ceramic scaffolds, which encompass CaP, doped HA and CS, bioactive glasses and ceramics, and their respective composites, have been used as the constructs for replacing cancellous bone (restoration of the bone loss), shown in. Synthetic HA, which is similar to the CaP minerals within bones and teeth, is successfully applied as a bone implant with suitable mechanical strength and osteoconductivity. Bioactive scaffolds processed through PBSLP with the various modes of functionalization through the incorporation of drugs, stem cells, and growth factors facilitate bone regeneration and ameliorate critical-sized bone defects based on the fracture site length for personalized medicine. The keyhole pores, apart from the designed porosity from the CAD design, usually affect the mechanical strength of the scaffolds when fabricated through powder bed selective laser processing techniques.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Thermal Analysis to 3D Printing
Thermal analysis (TA) comprises various measuring techniques with a common feature: the measure of the material response when heated or cooled (or, in some cases, held isothermally).
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Digital Preservation for UNESCO Architectural Heritage
Architectural heritage includes built structures that are of outstanding value of natural and cultural identity and require conservation, preservation, presentation and transmission to the future generations. In this regard, UNESCO has enlisted six World Heritage Sites in Pakistan that need to be preserved. Moreover, the heritage sites are undergoing theft, vandalism, natural decay and other socio-cultural harms. One of the state-of-the-art methodologies is the digital preservation of the historic sites. Amongst the various available computer technologies, photogrammetry is the quickest and most cost-effective method that can be used for digital preservation. The research will focus on the digital preservation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which is an emerging trend in an architectural context. Developing countries have limited funds and resources and most historic sites are being neglected by the lack of financial resources. This research suggests digital preservation as an emerging solution, identifies its challenges and suggests photogrammetry as a cost-effective solution to six UNESCO enlisted historic sites of Pakistan. It also suggests that once digitally recorded, information of historic sites can also be used in diverse applications to generate further finances. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Gridshell Nodes
Gridshells are shells where the structural members form a grid of linear elements rather than a continuous surface. Nodes are essential parts of a gridshell regarding structural performance, assembly and visual appearance. Due to the many decisions to be made when designing gridshells, including global shape, topology, cross-sections, material selection and node designs, detailed structural analysis of gridshell nodes is often left to later stages of the project. Getting feedback on the structural performance of gridshell nodes is inefficient due to software changes and geometry conversion, and it is hard to find tools that support early integration between architectural design and structural design. 
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Fiat G.55
The Fiat G.55 Centauro (Italian: "Centaur") was a single-engine single-seat World War II fighter aircraft used by the Regia Aeronautica and the A.N.R. (Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana) in 1943–1945. It was designed and built in Turin by Fiat. The Fiat G.55 was arguably the best type produced in Italy during World War II, (a subjective claim also frequently made for the Macchi C.205 Veltro as well as for the Reggiane Re.2005 Sagittario) but it did not enter production until 1943, when, after comparative tests against the Messerschmitt Bf 109G and the Focke-Wulf 190, the Luftwaffe itself regarded the Fiat G.55 as "the best Axis fighter". During its short operational service, mostly under the Repubblica Sociale Italiana insignia, after the 8 September 1943 armistice, this powerful, robust and fast aircraft proved itself to be an excellent interceptor at high altitude. In 1944, over Northern Italy, the Centauro clashed with British Supermarine Spitfire, P-51 Mustang, P-47 Thunderbolt and P-38 Lightning, proving to be no easy adversary. Italian fighter pilots liked their Centauro but by the time the war ended, fewer than 300 had been built. By comparison, the Germans produced 35,000 Bf 109s.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Rare Earth Elements Recovery
The manuscript covers the issues related to the characteristics, application, and some methods of rare earth elements (REEs) recovery from coal fly ashes. REEs are elements with growing demand and a very wide range of application, especially when it comes to modern technologies. The development of the REE recovery technology would involve solving several problems related to REE speciation, optimization of factors controlling their extractivity and selection of the REE separation method from obtained extraction solutions with a very extreme pH and complicated composition. The paper presented advantages and disadvantages of usually used methods of REE separation from coal fly ashes, like physical and acid–base leaching. It was also presented alternative REE recovery techniques in the form of membrane and biological methods and based on ion liquids (ILs) or chelating agents. The directions of further modifications, which will allow the efficient REE recovery were presented. The aim of this article was to propose specific solutions based on the creation of appropriate multistage method of REE recovery. It will be a combination of magnetic and size separation, acid–base leaching (including roasting in justified cases), removal of matrix elements with ILs (Al, Si, and Fe), and finally REE membrane separation, allowing one to obtain the appropriate process efficiency.  
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Global Navigation Satellite System, Datums and Mapping Accuracy
Current Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based geodetic techniques allow up to millimeter accuracy in positioning to be achieved globally, and high-precision mass-market positioning is becoming available to an accuracy of 5–10 cm.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Hydrogen Color Spectrum
Hydrogen production involves different resources and energy loads, depending on the production method used. Therefore, the industry has tried to set a classification code for this energy carrier. This is done by using colors that reflect the hydrogen production method, the resources consumed to produce the required energy, and the number of emissions generated during the process.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
TiO2-Based Nanostructures for Microbial Inactivation
Pathogenic microorganisms can spread throughout the world population, as the current COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically demonstrated. In this scenario, a protection against pathogens and other microorganisms can come from the use of photoactive materials as antimicrobial agents able to hinder, or at least limit, their spreading by means of photocatalytically assisted processes activated by light—possibly sunlight—promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill microorganisms in different matrices such as water or different surfaces without affecting human health. Here, we focus the attention on TiO2 nanoparticle-based antimicrobial materials, intending to provide an overview of the most promising synthetic techniques, toward possible large-scale production, critically review the capability of such materials to promote pathogen (i.e., bacteria, virus, and fungi) inactivation, and, finally, take a look at selected technological applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Dec 2020
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