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Topic Review
Chlorella vulgaris Biomass
Chlorella vulgaris biomass means the biomass made of Chlorella vulgaris, which is a kind of microalgae. Under appropriate conditions, microalgae convert solar energy into chemical energy stored as starch or lipids, which are precursors for bioethanol and biodiesel production. Given the higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher biomass production per unit area and faster growth rate compared to energy crops, microalgae are good alternative as feedstock for biofuel production. An additional advantage of microalgae is the lack of competition for nutrients with food crops. Furthermore, biomass production can be located on marginal lands. The negative environmental impact associated with the cultivation of microalgae for energy purposes is described as potentially negligible.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Dioxide for Combined Cycle Power Plants
The use of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants allows the most efficient conversion of the chemical heat of fossil fuels for generating electric power. In turn, the combined cycle efficiency is largely dependent on the working flow temperature upstream of a gas turbine.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Sep 2022
Biography
Richard Spikes
Richard Bowie Spikes (October 2, 1878 - January 22, 1963) was an African-American inventor. The holder of a number of United States patents, his inventions (or mechanical improvements on existing inventions) include a beer tap, automobile directional signals, the automatic gear shift device based on automatic transmission for automobiles and other motor vehicles and a safety braking system for t
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Joint-Design Strategies for Additive Manufacturing
Here, we aim to assess the current modelling and experimental achievements in the design for additive manufacturing of bonded joints, providing a summary of the current state of the art. To limit its scope, the document is focused only on polymeric additive manufacturing processes. As a result, this work contains a structured collection of the tailoring methods adopted for additively manufactured adherends and adhesives with the aim of maximizing bonded joint performance. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Sep 2020
Topic Review
IoT-Enabled Smart Agriculture
The growth of the global population coupled with a decline in natural resources, farmland, and the increase in unpredictable environmental conditions leads to food security is becoming a major concern for all nations worldwide. These problems are motivators that are driving the agricultural industry to transition to smart agriculture with the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data solutions to improve operational efficiency and productivity. The IoT integrates a series of existing state-of-the-art solutions and technologies, such as wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio ad hoc networks, cloud computing, big data, and end-user applications. IoT is defined as the network of all objects that are embedded within devices, sensors, machines, software and people through the Internet environment to communicate, exchange information and interact in order to provide a comprehensive solution between the real world and the virtual world.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Proxy Modeling Highlighting Applications for Reservoir Engineering
Numerical models can be used for many purposes in oil and gas engineering, such as production optimization and forecasting, uncertainty analysis, history matching, and risk assessment. However, subsurface problems are complex and non-linear, and making reliable decisions in reservoir management requires substantial computational effort. Proxy models have gained much attention in recent years. They are advanced non-linear interpolation tables that can approximate complex models and alleviate computational effort. Proxy models are constructed by running high-fidelity models to gather the necessary data to create the proxy model. Once constructed, they can be a great choice for different tasks such as uncertainty analysis, optimization, forecasting, etc. The application of proxy modeling in oil and gas has had an increasing trend in recent years, and there is no consensus rule on the correct choice of proxy model. As a result, it is crucial to better understand the advantages and disadvantages of various proxy models.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Gas Hydrate Technology
Innovating methods for treating industrial wastewater containing heavy metals frequently incorporate toxicity-reduction technologies to keep up with regulatory requirements. This research reviews the latest advances, benefits, opportunities and drawbacks of several heavy metal removal treatment systems for industrial wastewater in detail. The conventional physicochemical techniques used in heavy metal removal processes with their advantages and limitations are evaluated. A particular focus is given to innovative gas hydrate-based separation of heavy metals from industrial effluent with their comparison, advantages and limitations in the direction of commercialization as well as prospective remedies. Clathrate hydrate-based removal is a potential technology for the treatment of metal-contaminated wastewater. In this research, a complete assessment of the literature is addressed based on removal efficiency, enrichment factor and water recovery, utilizing the gas hydrate approach. It is shown that gas hydrate-based treatment technology may be the way of the future for water management purposes, as the industrial treated water may be utilized for process industries, watering, irrigation and be safe to drink. 
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ballasted Track
Ballasted track has the phenomenon of local instabilities, which are usually related to the intensive sleeper void development that requires enormous maintenance costs and influences track reliability, availability and safety. The appearance of the void zones is unavoidable in such structures as transition zones, turnouts and rail joints. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm). Typical applications include medical and physiological diagnostics and research including blood sugar, pulse oximetry, functional neuroimaging, sports medicine, elite sports training, ergonomics, rehabilitation, neonatal research, brain computer interface, urology (bladder contraction), and neurology (neurovascular coupling). There are also applications in other areas as well such as pharmaceutical, food and agrochemical quality control, atmospheric chemistry, combustion research and astronomy.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Vortex86
The Vortex86 is a computing system-on-a-chip (SoC) based on a core compatible with the x86 microprocessor family. It is produced by DM&P Electronics, but originated with Rise Technology.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Nov 2022
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