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Topic Review
Ag-Decorated/Loaded Gas Sensors
Ag is one of the cheapest noble metals which is extensively used in the decoration or doping of semiconducting metal oxides (SMOs) to boost the overall gas-sensing performances of nanostructured SMOs. This is due to the electronic and chemical sensitization of Ag nanoparticles. 
  • 836
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Fluidized Bed Reactors
Fluidized gasification reactors can be used to produce hydrogen. They are operated in three modes including bubbling, circulating, and dual beds, as depicted inC. In a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB), the fuel is introduced from the bottom or side of the bed. The bed starts bubbling when the velocity of gasification agent is beyond the minimum fluidization velocity.
  • 835
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Antisense Peptide Technology
Antisense peptide technology (APT) is based on a useful heuristic algorithm for rational peptide design. It was deduced from empirical observations that peptides consisting of complementary (sense and antisense) amino acids interact with higher probability and affinity than the randomly selected ones. This phenomenon is closely related to the structure of the standard genetic code table, and at the same time, is unrelated to the direction of its codon sequence translation.
  • 835
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Functionalised Graphene for Sensing Applications
The demand for gas detection is increasing nowadays. However, its fast detection at room temperature (RT) is a major challenge. Graphene is found to be the most promising sensing material for RT detection, owing to its high surface area and electrical conductivity. The high edge functionalized chemically synthesized graphene derivatives thin films are promising candidates to achieve a fast gas sensing response at room temperature. The high amount of edge functional groups is prominent for the sorption of analyte gas/vapor molecules. 
  • 835
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
History of Human-Powered Aircraft
HPAs are aircraft belonging to the class of vehicles known as human-powered vehicles. Early attempts at human-powered flight were unsuccessful because of the difficulty of achieving the high power-to-weight ratio. Prototypes often used ornithopter principles which were not only too heavy to meet this requirement but aerodynamically unsatisfactory. Human-powered aircraft have been successfully flown over considerable distances. However, they are still primarily constructed as engineering challenges rather than for any kind of recreational or utilitarian purpose.
  • 835
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Subtractive Shading Envelope's Computational Workflow
This study proposes a voxel-based design approach based on the subtractive mechanism of shading envelopes and attributes information of point cloud data in tropical climates. In particular, the proposed method evaluates a volumetric sample of new buildings based on predefined shading performance criteria. With the support of geometric and radiometric information stored in point cloud such as position (XYZ), color (RGB), and reflection intensity (I), an integrated computational workflow between passive design strategy and 3D scanning technology is developed. It aims not only to compensate for some pertinent aspects of the current 3D site modelling such as vegetation and surrounding buildings but also to investigate surface characteristics of existing contexts such as visible sun vectors and material properties. These aspects are relevant for conducting a comprehensively environmental simulation while averting negative microclimatic impacts when locating the new building into the existing context. Ultimately, this study may support architects for taking decision-making in conceptual design stage based on the real contextual conditions.
  • 834
  • 18 Aug 2020
Topic Review
The Energy Potential of the Lower Vistula River
The Vistula River in Poland is considered an international waterway. The power production potential of the river has been taken into account over the years. However, further configurations are needed to obtain a more in-depth ecological knowledge-base and economic plans, which are socially approved.
  • 833
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
GHDs with Solar Technologies
Greenhouse dryers (GHDs) are simple facilities that can provide large capacities for drying agricultural products. The solar GHDs (SGHDs) are classified as passive and active systems. The passive SGHDs have a heat transfer through natural convection, whereas, SGHDs having a heat transfer through forced convection are called active dryers. Active SGHDs can be integrated with different solar technologies, including photovoltaic (PV), photovoltaic-thermal (PVT), and solar thermal collectors. Additionally, solar-assisted greenhouse dryers (SGHDs) can be integrated with heat pumps and thermal energy storage (TES) units and presented in hybrid configuration considering their integration with other renewable energy sources with the aim of improving the thermal performance.
  • 833
  • 01 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Heckler & Koch HK69A1
The HK69A1 is a 40 mm grenade launcher developed and produced by the German arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch (H&K). The weapon was designed to engage enemy troops and strongpoints out to a distance of 350 m; it can also be used to deploy smoke grenades and illumination flares.
  • 833
  • 05 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Hybrid Graphene/Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites
Graphene with fascinating properties has been deemed as an excellent reinforcement for cementitious composites, enabling construction materials to be smarter, stronger, and more durable. However, some challenges such as dispersion issues and high costs, hinder the direct incorporation of graphene-based reinforcement fillers into cementitious composites for industrial production. The combination of graphene with conventional fibers to reinforce cement hence appears as a more promising pathway especially towards the commercialization of graphene for cementitious materials.  This entry introduces the preparation and the enhancement of hybrid graphene-fiber reinforced cementitious composites.
  • 833
  • 09 Oct 2021
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