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HandWiki. History of Human-Powered Aircraft. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32093 (accessed on 09 October 2026).
HandWiki. History of Human-Powered Aircraft. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32093. Accessed October 09, 2026.
HandWiki. "History of Human-Powered Aircraft" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32093 (accessed October 09, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 31). History of Human-Powered Aircraft. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32093
HandWiki. "History of Human-Powered Aircraft." Encyclopedia. Web. 31 October, 2022.
History of Human-Powered Aircraft
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Engineering:History_of_human-powered_aircraft

HPAs are aircraft belonging to the class of vehicles known as human-powered vehicles. Early attempts at human-powered flight were unsuccessful because of the difficulty of achieving the high power-to-weight ratio. Prototypes often used ornithopter principles which were not only too heavy to meet this requirement but aerodynamically unsatisfactory. Human-powered aircraft have been successfully flown over considerable distances. However, they are still primarily constructed as engineering challenges rather than for any kind of recreational or utilitarian purpose.

hpas vehicles aircraft

References

  1. "A Novel Gliding Machine". Scientific American: 183. September 10, 1904. https://archive.org/details/scientific-american-1904-09-10. 
  2. Camas Prairie Chronicle (Cottonwood, Idaho), August 5, 1904
  3. Cornelisse (2002)
  4. "World's First Aerial Bicycle Flies". Popular Science: 41. October 1923. ISSN 0161-7370. https://books.google.com/books?id=2SkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41. 
  5. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Washington: Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft (1934) http://siris-thesauri.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=11P8B0B391935.82&profile=planes&uri=link=3100019~!26176~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=subtab13&menu=search&ri=2&source=~!sithesauri&term=Zaschka&index=
  6. Lange, Bruno (1970). Das Buch der deutschen Luftfahrttechnik. Verlag Dieter Hoffmann, p. 361.
  7. "Airplane Flown by Man Power is Pedaled Like a Bicycle" Popular Mechanics, December 1935 bottom pg. 855 https://books.google.com/books?id=x98DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA855&dq=Popular+Science+1933+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&hl=en&ei=T4wiTpSVB4bnsQLQ5ujWAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q&f=true
  8. "Chris Roper B. Muscle Assisted Flights Before 1939. Human Powered Flying. Accessed 2008-08-14". http://www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk/html/before_1939.html. 
  9. Sherwin, Keith (1976). To Fly Like a Bird. Bailey Brothers & Swinfen. ISBN 0-561-00283-5. 
  10. Pedaliante http://www.ihpva.org/HParchive/PDF/32-v10n1-1992.pdf
  11. "Man-Powered Flight - Achievements to Date With a New Suggestion". http://pdf.aiaa.org/jaPreview/JA/1970/PVJAPRE44154.pdf. 
  12. "Transport: Icarus to Bossi". Time. 8 February 1937. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,883606,00.html?iid=chix-sphere. 
  13. Sale, Jonathan (9 November 2011). "The Guardian Celebrating 50 years of human-powered flight". London. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/nov/09/50-years-human-powered-flight. 
  14. 1962 video document on the subject, filmed by British Pathé https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQq72OvEGcw
  15. "Human Powered Flying by Chris Roper - Accessed 2008-08-14". http://www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk/html/body_flights.html. 
  16. Taylor 1962, p. 151.
  17. The Guardian, 5 May 1962, front page
  18. "Archived copy". http://www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk/html/jupiter.html. 
  19. "Flying Magazine". Flying: 36–. June 1963. ISSN 0015-4806. https://books.google.com/books?id=GUSqNw60iJkC&pg=PA36. 
  20. Flight International 1977 p1254
  21. The Gossamers and Other Planes , Royal Aeronautical Society Human Powered Aircraft Group (accessed Nov. 13 2012) http://www.humanpoweredflying.propdesigner.co.uk/html/the_gossamers_and_other_planes.html
  22. Chrysalis Human-Powered Airplane: It Flew the First Time Out , Royal Aeronautical Society Human Powered Aircraft Group (accessed Nov. 13 2012) http://library.propdesigner.co.uk/chrysalis.pdf
  23. Geoffrey A. Landis, Human Powered Aircraft - Monarch Crew (accessed Nov. 13 2012) http://www.geoffreylandis.com/monarch.htp
  24. Gary Dorsey (1990), The Fullness of Wings: The Making Of A New Daedalus, ISBN:0-670-82444-5
  25. Royal Aeronautical Society Site http://aerosociety.com/About-Us/specgroups/Human-Powered/Kremer
  26. SUHPA Official Website http://www.soton.ac.uk/suhpa
  27. http://aerosociety.com/About-Us/specgroups/Human-Powered/Icarus-Cup (not to be confused with the Coupe Icare)
  28. Man-powered airship http://www.endlessflyers.com/
  29. Another human-powered airship http://papalima.free.fr/motoballon/gazairship/Gazairship.htm
  30. DIY human-powered balloon http://www.stevegriffinenterprises.com/
  31. https://www.blimpinfo.com/airships/stephane-rousson-and-his-pedal-powered-dirigible/
  32. Human-Powered Ornithoper Flight in Flapping Wings: The Ornithopter Zone Newsletter, Fall 2010.
  33. Human-Powered Ornithopter Project http://hpo.ornithopter.net/
  34. UTIAS Snowbird 1 http://www.livescience.com/8670-human-powered-aircraft-flaps-wings-flying.html
  35. UTIAS Snowbird 2 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11410410
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