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Topic Review
Biodiesel Production Technologies
Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Protein L
Protein L is a surface protein of Peptostreptococcus magnus, showing binding activity against IgGs. Therefore, protein L can be used as affinity ligand in the purification process of antibodies and antibody fragments. Furthermore, analytical tools based on this specific interaction are applied in industry and research.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 May 2021
Topic Review
Electric Vehicles for Vehicle-to-Grid Services
With every passing second, we witness the effect of the global environmental impact of fossil fuels and carbon emissions, to which nations across the globe respond by coming up with ambitious goals to become carbon-free and energy-efficient. At the same time, electric vehicles (EVs) are developed as a possible solution to reach this ambitious goal of making a cleaner environment and facilitating smarter transportation modes. This excellent idea of shifting towards an entirely EV-based mobility industry and economy results in a range of issues that need to be addressed. The issues range from ramping up the electricity generation for the projected increase in consumption to developing an infrastructure that is large enough to support the higher demand for electricity that arises due to the market penetration of EVs. Vehicle to grid (V2G) is a concept that is largely in a testing phase in the current scenario. However, it appears to offer a solution to the issues created by a mobility sector that the constantly growing EV fleet will dominate. Furthermore, the integration of EVs with the grid seems to offer various cost-wise and environment-wise benefits while assisting the grid by tapping into the idle energy of parked EVs during peak hours
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Sound Transmission Class
Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Outside the US, the Sound Reduction Index (SRI) ISO index is used. The STC rating very roughly reflects the decibel reduction of noise that a partition can provide. The STC is useful for evaluating annoyance due to speech sounds, but not music or machinery noise as these sources contain more low frequency energy than speech. There are many ways to improve the sound transmission class of a partition, though the two most basic principles are adding mass and increasing the overall thickness. In general, the sound transmission class of a double leaf wall (e.g. two 4"-thick brick walls separated by a 2" airspace) is greater than a single wall of equivalent mass (e.g. homogeneous 8" brick wall).
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Inertial Sensors
Inertial sensors are sensors which do not need any referential points. They are based on inertia. Accelerometers and inclinometers are one of the most popular used in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Features in Interdigitated Electrode Array
The electrical double layer (EDL) and crucial parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, and limit of detection (LOD) are prominent to determine the interdigitated electrode array (IDEA)-based electrochemical sensor. The design of IDEA focuses on controlling the width and gap measurements between the adjacent fingers and increases the IDEA’s height are crucial because all the design measurement and parameters affected the IDEA-based electrochemical sensor functionality according to the application usage.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Split-Single
The split-single (Doppelkolbenmotor to its German and Austrian manufacturers), is a variant on the two-stroke engine with two cylinders sharing a single combustion chamber.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Balloon (Aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a balloon is an unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy. A balloon may be free, moving with the wind, or tethered to a fixed point. It is distinct from an airship, which is a powered aerostat that can propel itself through the air in a controlled manner. Many balloons have a basket, gondola, or capsule suspended beneath the main envelope for carrying people or equipment (including cameras and telescopes, and flight-control mechanisms).
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Waste Tires
Waste or Scrap tires, also known as End-of-Life Tires (ELT), are used rubber tires that because of their abrasion state ("tire wear") are not safe for public traffic. Waste tires can go into tire recycling or will be dumped, either in legal landfills or illegally; another portion may be pyrolysed to produce tire-derived fuel or heat energy.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Factors Affecting the Hydrothermal Liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical depolymerization technology, also known as hydrous pyrolysis, that transforms wet biomass into biocrude and valuable chemicals at a moderate temperature (usually 200–400 °C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). In HTL, water acts as a key reactant in HTL activities. The reaction’s process parameters mostly influence the distribution, composition, and characteristics of HTL products; therefore, optimizing those factors can aid in producing biocrude with a high yield and suitable quality. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
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