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Topic Review
Second-Generation Lipophosphonoxins and Their Applications
Lipophosphonoxins (LPPOs) represent a new group of membrane-targeting antibiotics. Three generations of LPPOs have been described: First-generation LPPOs, second-generation LPPOs, and LEGO-LPPOs. All three generations have a similar mode of bactericidal action of targeting and disrupting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotic cells, with limited effect on eukaryotic cells. Second-generation LPPOs broaden the antibiotic effect also against Gram-negative bacteria. However, both first- and second-generation LPPOs lose their antibacterial activity in the presence of serum albumin. Second-generation LPPOs have been studied as antimicrobial additives in bone cement and as nanofiber dressing components in the treatment of wound infections in mice. 
  • 137
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Seaweed as a Marine Source for Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body in response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, toxic compounds or radiation. However, chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Marine organisms produce a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory activities. Several are considered as lead compounds for development into drugs. Anti-inflammatory compounds have been extracted from algae, corals, seaweeds and other marine organisms. Seaweed is a popular food source rich in bioactive compounds, polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, proteins and vitamins. Seaweeds have several potential therapeutic activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
  • 286
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Functionalization of Cyclodextrins
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides bearing several glucopyranose residues connected by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Natural cyclodextrins contain six, seven, or eight glucopyranose units (α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin, respectively) and are natural products, biodegradable, and generally lacking in toxicity. Cyclodextrins have toroidal shapes, with the smaller opening of the toroid (primary rim) corresponding to the C6-OH primary hydroxyls and the larger opening (secondary rim) to the C2-OH and C3-OH secondary hydroxyls. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cellular, Molecular, Pharmacological, and Nano-Formulation Aspects of Thymoquinone
The goal of an antiviral agent research is to find an antiviral drug that reduces viral growth without harming healthy cells. Transformations of the virus, new viral strain developments, the resistance of viral pathogens, and side effects are the current challenges in terms of discovering antiviral drugs. The time has come and it is now essential to discover a natural antiviral agent that has the potential to destroy viruses without causing resistance or other unintended side effects. The pharmacological potency of thymoquinone (TQ) against different communicable and non-communicable diseases has been proven by various studies, and TQ is considered to be a safe antiviral substitute. 
  • 154
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Liposome-Derived Nanosystems  for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability
Niosomes, transfersomes, and ethosomes are nanometric vesicular structures that allow drug encapsulation, protecting them from degradation, and increasing their solubility, permeability, brain targeting, and bioavailability.
  • 167
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Herbal Treatments for Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a complex disease for which pharmacological treatment does not guarantee success or cure. Plants possess phytochemical components with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, mainly coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Several studies have demonstrated that bioactive compounds from plants can exert anti-tumor activity through various signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, autophagy, modification of the tumor microenvironment, cell arrest, and the suppression of angiogenesis.
  • 201
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Pharmacokinetics of Tocotrienol
Tocotrienols are valuable nutraceuticals due to their numerous pharmacological properties, particularly in preventing or treating non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and skin disorders, as well as cancers.
  • 177
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Central Nervous System
The dysregulated activation of nNOS in neurons is critical in the development of different conditions affecting the SNC. An excessive production of NO by nNOS is responsible for a number of proteins’ posttranslational modifications (PTMs) which can lead to aberrant biochemical pathways, impairing the SNC functions. Researchers briefly revised the main implications of the dysregulated nNOS activation in the progression of the most prevalent CNS diseases, suggesting that compounds able to modulate the nNOS activity could be  promising therapeutics to tackle different neuronal pathologic conditions.
  • 303
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Investigating Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an incurable skin disease that develops in about two-thirds of patients before the age of 40 and requires lifelong treatment; its pathological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The core pathological process of psoriasis is epidermal thickening caused by the excessive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, which is similar to the key feature of cancer; the malignant proliferation of cancer cells causes tumor enlargement, suggesting that there is a certain degree of commonality between psoriasis and cancer.
  • 266
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Obesity Treating Natural Products
Obesity is a global issue faced by many individuals worldwide. However, no drug has a pronounced effect with few side effects. Green tea, a well-known natural product, shows preventive effects against obesity by decreasing lipogenesis and increasing fat oxidation and antioxidant capacity. In contrast, other natural products are known to contribute to obesity. The natural products were classified as single compounds, foods, teas, fruits, herbal medicines—single extract, herbal medicines—decoction, and herbal medicines—external preparation. Then, the mechanisms of these medicines were organized into lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, appetite loss, and thermogenesis. This research aimed to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of effective natural products in managing obesity. Several clinical studies reported that natural products showed antiobesity effects, including Coffea arabica (coffee), Camellia sinensis (green tea), Caulerpa racemosa (green algae), Allium sativum (garlic), combined Ephedra intermedia Schrenk, Thea sinensis L., and Atractylodes lancea DC extract (known as Gambisan), Ephedra sinica Stapf, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Coicis semen, Cinnamomi cortex, Paeoniae radixalba, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (known as Euiiyin-tang formula).
  • 206
  • 27 Sep 2023
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