Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Nephropathology
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have triggered a vigorous technological revolution in the medical field. The use of AI algorithms provides cutting-edge guidance for clinical practice, including medical image analysis, smart diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, and prognosis prediction. AI technology is also regarded as a useful tool to improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of renal pathologies.
  • 410
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Application of Calcitriol in Breast Cancer
Calcitriol represents the most active VD metabolite and hormonal form, which modulates calcium homeostasis through actions on the kidney, bone, and intestinal tract. However, calcitriol is also known for its potent anticancer effects. In particular, calcitriol inhibits breast cancer cells proliferation and tumorigenesis.
  • 501
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Application of CRISPR-Cas in Parkinson’s Disease
In 1987, bacteria were found to insert 32-nt (nucleotide) spacer sequences into 29-nt repeat sequences in CRISPR loci whenever they came into contact with phage DNA, leading to the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas system. The CRISPR-Cas-based technology can be employed as a new genome-editing tool in various organisms. The new gene-editing technique holds great promise for research and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), for which there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatments.
  • 658
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Application of Different Biodegradable Ocular Drug Delivery Systems
The complex nature of the ocular drug delivery barrier presents a significant challenge to the effective administration of drugs, resulting in poor therapeutic outcomes. To address this issue, it is essential to investigate new drugs and alternative delivery routes and vehicles. One promising approach is the use of biodegradable formulations to develop potential ocular drug delivery technologies. These include hydrogels, biodegradable microneedles, implants, and polymeric nanocarriers such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, nanomicelles, and nanoemulsions. 
  • 483
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Application of Diffusion Spectrum Imaging
Studies have demonstrated that many regions in the human brain include multidirectional fiber tracts, in which the diffusion of water molecules within image voxels does not follow a Gaussian distribution. Therefore, the conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that hypothesizes a single fiber orientation within a voxel is intrinsically incapable of revealing the complex microstructures of brain tissues. Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) employs a pulse sequence with different b-values along multiple gradient directions to sample the diffusion information of water molecules in the entire q-space and then quantitatively estimates the diffusion profile using a probability density function with a high angular resolution. Studies have suggested that DSI can reliably observe the multidirectional fibers within each voxel and allow fiber tracking along different directions, which can improve fiber reconstruction reflecting the true but complicated brain structures that were not observed in the previous DTI studies. Moreover, with increasing angular resolution, DSI is able to reveal new neuroimaging biomarkers used for disease diagnosis and the prediction of disorder progression. However, this method has not been used widely in clinical studies, due to its overly long scanning time and difficult post-processing.
  • 176
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Application of Electrophysiology in Non-Macular Inherited Retinal Dystrophies
Inherited retinal dystrophies encompass a diverse group of disorders affecting the structure and function of the retina, leading to progressive visual impairment and, in severe cases, blindness. Electrophysiology testing has emerged as a valuable tool in assessing and diagnosing those conditions, offering insights into the function of different parts of the visual pathway from retina to visual cortex and aiding in disease classification. The different applications and limitations of electrophysiology techniques, including multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), full-field ERG (ffERG), electrooculogram (EOG), pattern electroretinogram (PERG), and visual evoked potential (VEP), in the diagnosis and management of these distinctive phenotypes are discussed.
  • 378
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Application of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor TKIs
The use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as first-line treatment in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring EGFR-activating mutations has resulted in a dramatic improvement in the management of the disease. Lung cancer remains one of the most frequent and deadly types of cancer for both genders, while predictions about the future do not suggest dramatic improvements in incidence and mortality rates. There are different histological types of primary lung cancer, classified mainly into non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer, with an annual incidence of approximately 85% and 15%, respectively. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of NSCLC, accounting for around 40% of NSCLC cases.
  • 494
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Application of FAPI PET/CT in Cancers
Cancer represents a major cause of death worldwide and is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells that escape immune regulation. It is now understood that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which express specific fibroblast activation protein (FAP), are critical participants in tumor development and metastasis. Researchers have developed various FAP-targeted probes for imaging of different tumors from antibodies to boronic acid-based inhibitor molecules and determined that quinoline-based FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) are the most appropriate candidate as the radiopharmaceutical for FAPI PET/CT imaging. When applied clinically, FAPI PET/CT yielded satisfactory results.
  • 337
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Application of Ketamine in Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease
Depression is a leading cause of disability globally, with a prevalence of 3.8% among the whole population, 5% of the adult population, and 5.7% of the elderly population over 60 years of age. There is evidence that depression is linked to certain neurodegenerative diseases, one being Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The efficacy of conventional antidepressants to treat depression in AD is conflicting, especially regarding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, ketamine, a nonselective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can mediate a wide range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, multimodal analgesia, and treatment of depression, suicidal attempts, and status epilepticus. Recent clinical findings suggest that ketamine may provide neuroprotection and reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with AD. 
  • 1.7K
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Application of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Personalized Medicine
Novel profiling methodologies are redefining the diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic approaches towards more precise and personalized healthcare. Complementary information can be obtained from different omic approaches in combination with the traditional macro- and microscopic analysis of the tissue, providing a more complete assessment of the disease. Mass spectrometry imaging, as a tissue typing approach, provides information on the molecular level directly measured from the tissue.
  • 307
  • 25 Jul 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 1352
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback