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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Druggable genetic alterations in NSCLC
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death for malignancy worldwide. Its molecular profiling has enriched our understanding of cancer initiation and progression and has become fundamental to provide guidance on treatment with targeted therapies. Testing the presence of driver mutations in specific genes in lung tumors has thus radically changed the clinical management and outcomes of the disease. Numerous studies performed with traditional sequencing methods have investigated the occurrence of such mutations in lung cancer, and new insights regarding their frequency and clinical significance are continuously provided with the use of last generation sequencing technologies.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Mental Breakdown
A mental breakdown (also known as a nervous breakdown) is an acute mental disorder. Symptoms include severe, stress-induced depression, anxiety, paranoia, and dissociation in a previously functioning individual. A nervous breakdown is often tied to psychological burnout, severe overwork, sleep deprivation, and similar problems. While temporary, a mental breakdown can last for years and a person cannot resume normal activites until the disorder is resolved.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor
Preclinical evidence, accumulated over the past decade, indicates that the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation exerts significant neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neuronal injury, notably in the central nervous system.   Studies of brain AT2R distribution and function are outshining the recent findings about AT2R in peripheral sensoryneurons and pain modulation. While AT2R, as an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, and its related signaling are still under investigation, pharmacological studies have shown that stimulation of AT2R leads to neuritogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to report the evidence of potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative roles of AT2R in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Wasp Venom Biochemical Components
Wasps, members of the order Hymenoptera, are distributed in different parts of the world, including Brazil, Thailand, Japan, Korea, and Argentina. The lifestyles of the wasps are solitary and social. Social wasps use venom as a defensive measure to protect their colonies, whereas solitary wasps use their venom to capture prey. Chemically, wasp venom possesses a wide variety of enzymes, proteins, peptides, volatile compounds, and bioactive constituents, which include phospholipase A2, antigen 5, mastoparan, and decoralin. The bioactive constituents have anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the limited quantities of wasp venom and the scarcity of advanced strategies for the synthesis of wasp venom’s bioactive compounds remain a challenge facing the effective usage of wasp venom. Solid-phase peptide synthesis is currently used to prepare wasp venom peptides and their analogs such as mastoparan, anoplin, decoralin, polybia-CP, and polydim-I. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy for Deep-Seated Tumors
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) works through the photoactivation of a specific photosensitizer (PS) in a tumor in the presence of oxygen. PDT is widely applied in oncology to treat various cancers as it has a minimally invasive procedure and high selectivity, does not interfere with other treatments, and can be repeated as needed. A large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen is generated in a cancer cell during PDT, which destroys the tumor effectively. However, the efficacy of PDT in treating a deep-seated tumor is limited due to three main reasons: Limited light penetration depth, the low oxygen concentration in the hypoxic core, and poor PS accumulation inside a tumor. Thus, PDT treatments are only approved for superficial and thin tumors. With the advancement of nanotechnology, PDT to treat deep-seated or thick tumors is becoming a reachable goal. In this review, we provide an update on the strategies for improving PDT with nanomedicine using different sophisticated-design nanoparticles, including two-photon excitation, X-ray activation, targeting tumor cells with surface modification, alteration of tumor cell metabolism pathways, the release of therapeutic gases, improvement of tumor hypoxia, and stimulation of host immunity.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Fasciae
The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Neuropeptides in Anxiety and Depression
In modern society, there has been a rising trend of depression and anxiety. This trend heavily impacts the population’s mental health and thus contributes significantly to morbidity and, in the worst case, to suicides. Modern medicine, with many antidepressants and anxiolytics at hand, is still unable to achieve remission in many patients. The pathophysiology of depression and anxiety is still only marginally understood, which encouraged researchers to focus on neuropeptides, as they are a vast group of signaling molecules in the nervous system. Neuropeptides are involved in the regulation of many physiological functions
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Eight Promising Radionuclides for TAT
Among all existing radionuclides, only a few are of interest for therapeutic applications and more specifically for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Actinium-225, astatine-211, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, lead-212, radium-223, terbium-149 and thorium-227 are considered as the most suitable. Despite common general features, they all have their own physical characteristics that make them singular and so promising for TAT. These radionuclides were largely studied over the last two decades, leading to a better knowledge of their production process and chemical behavior,allowing for an increasing number of biological evaluations. The aim of this review is to summarize the main properties of these eight chosen radionuclides. An overview from their availability to the resulting clinical studies, by way of chemical design and preclinical studies is discussed.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders
Vitamin D is a secosteroid with a pleiotropic role in multiple physiological processes. Besides the well-known activity on bone homeostasis, recent studies suggested a peculiar role of vitamin D in different non-skeletal pathways, including a key role in the modulation of immune responses. Recent evidences demonstrated that vitamin D acts on innate and adaptative immunity and seems to exert an immunomodulating action on autoimmune diseases. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune thyroid disorders. This topic review aims to summarize the evidences on the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity
Gluten is a protein contained in wheat, barley and rye and will be found in a variety of everyday food items. It allows doughs to be more elastic and pliable, this is why gluten-containing grains have been used in breads and other baked goods for many years. It can be difficult to actually know if you have intolerance to gluten as there may be little to no symptoms.  The study aims to discover if there are any correlations between gastric distress and severity of distress post gluten consumption and the variants in rs2305764 (MYO9B). The gene MYO9B encodes a member of the myosin family of actin-based molecular motor heavy chain proteins, polymorphisms in the genes are associated with celiac disease, ulcerative colitis and general autoimmunity. 89 female (24-43y/o) with no diagnosis of celiac disease were tested under a custom Illumina array in conjunction with Muhdo Health Ltd, this array analyses 1000 SNPs, one of which is rs2305764 that was read in the forward/forward orientation. Of these 21 had CC, 28 had CT and 40 had TT, there were no “no calls”.  The results show that 9.5% of those with CC (n=21) had some form of gastric distress post gluten intake, 32.1% of those with CT (n=28) had some form of gastric distress post gluten intake and 57.4% of those with TT (n=40) had some form of gastric distress post gluten intake. The average for all participants was 38.2%. On gastric distress the average score for the CC group was 2.5 (mild – somewhat uncomfortable), the average score for the CT group was 2.7 (mild – somewhat uncomfortable) and for the TT group was 5.2 (discomfort, some pain and distress).
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Nov 2020
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