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Topic Review
Arterial Hypertension and Tension-Type Headache
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a prevalent condition worldwide and is the key risk factor for non-fatal and fatal cardiovascular complications. Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of primary headache and is considered a common everyday headache.
  • 733
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Arterial Stiffness among Overweight and Obese Subjects
It is known that arterial stiffness increases among obese and overweight individuals, especially with excess abdominal fat. Increased arterial stiffness contributes to the development of hypertension, due to structural modifications in the vessels and changes in their elasticity, capacity, and resistance, with a consequent loss of vascular compliance.
  • 280
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Arterial Stiffness Assessment by Pulse Wave Velocity
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is not a single disease but a cluster of metabolic disorders associated with increased risk for development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Increased arterial stiffness (AS) can predict the development of cardiovascular disease both in the general population and in patients with MS. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), as a standard method to assess AS, may point out subclinical organ damage in patients with hypertension. The decrease in PWV level during antihypertensive therapy can identify a group of patients with better outcomes independently of their reduction in blood pressure. The adverse effect of metabolic disturbances on arterial function can be offset by an adequate program of exercises, which includes mainly aerobic physical training. Non-insulin-based insulin resistance index can predict AS due to a strong positive correlation with PWV. 
  • 367
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Artery Stenosis and Vasospastic Angina
Vasospastic angina (VA) is caused by focal or diffuse spasm of an epicardial coronary artery, resulting in severe obstruction of the coronary artery lumen and myocardial ischemia. Vasospasm can occur in an angiographically normal coronary artery, but may also occur at the site of an existing organic atherosclerotic stenosis. Stable atherosclerotic plaques are rarely fatal, but can interfere with coronary blood flow and lead to stable angina. However, it has been suggested that vasospasm is associated with endothelial damage and subsequent atheroma rupture. Considering that acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is almost always caused by luminal thrombus or sudden plaque rupture applied to organic atherosclerotic plaques, coronary vasospasm can induce the rupture of a stable atheroma, which could lead to myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death.
  • 398
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq. Extracts
Aromatic medicinal plants (AMP) with multiple targets might play a role in drug discovery and development due to their potential health-promoting effects and are a source of new pharmaceutical substances.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing connective tissue that has a low self-repair potential. There are high demands placed on articular hyaline cartilage in the organism, mainly mechanical flexibility, load-bearing capacity, and the ability to reduce friction. The function of the cartilage in joints is to ensure low friction and the ability to distribute the weight load acting in the joint. An articular cartilage defect can persist without healing, or if it extends into the blood-filled subchondrium, then it is replaced by cartilage tissue that does not have suitable strength properties.
  • 404
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Articular Cartilage Injury and Repair
Articular cartilage injury and repair is an issue of growing importance. Although common, defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity, which is largely due to its avascular nature. There is a critical need to better study and understand cellular healing mechanisms to achieve more effective therapies for cartilage regeneration. This article aims to describe the key features of cartilage which is being modelled using tissue engineered cartilage constructs and ex vivo systems. These models have been used to investigate chondrogenic differentiation and to study the mechanisms of cartilage integration into the surrounding tissue.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Articular Eminence and Temporomandibular Disorders
In order to determine the correlation between the inclination of articular eminence (AEI) and the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), a systematic review was performed.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Artificial Endoscopy
Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as any machine that has cognitive functions mimicking humans for problem solving or learning. AI has already been tested in several fields of endoscopy, such as in the detection of Barrett’s esophagus or the evaluation of adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy.
  • 475
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Empowered Echocardiography Interpretation
Echocardiography (Echo), a widely available, noninvasive, and portable bedside imaging tool, is the most frequently used imaging modality in assessing cardiac anatomy and function in clinical practice. Artificial-intelligence-empowered echo (AI-Echo) can potentially reduce inter-interpreter variability and indeterminate assessment and improve the detection of unique conditions as well as the management of various cardiac disorders.
  • 639
  • 28 Apr 2021
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