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Topic Review
miR-202 as a Novel Gastrointestinal Tract Tumor Suppressor
Numerous clinical studies have addressed the role of miR-202 in gastrointestinal tract tumors (GIT), including oral, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancers, and documented a lower expression of miR-202 in tumor tissues and a tumor suppressive function of miR-202 overexpression on GIT cancer progression. In oral cancer cell lines, overexpression of miR-202 downregulated the protein expression level of the transcription factor Sp1, which, in turn, reduced cancer cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of miR-202, however, markedly enhanced oral cancer progression, indicating a suppressor function of miR-202 in this tumor type. A tumor suppressive function for miR-202 has also been proposed by Meng and colleagues in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  • 312
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathways
Endocannabinoids play an important role as powerful regulators of synaptic function in the central nervous system where they regulate neural functions and behaviors. As fundamental modulators of synaptic function, endocannabinoids can regulate neural functions such as cognition, motor control, pain, and feeding behavior. The interaction between endogenous or exogenous ligands and endocannabinoid receptors initiates signaling pathways.
  • 353
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Insight on Infections in Diabetic Setting
The correlation between diabetes mellitus and infectious diseases is widely recognized. DM patients are characterized by the impaired function of the immune system. This translates into the occurrence of a variety of infections, including urinary tract, skin and surgical site infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2.
  • 290
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Epidemiology of Young Age of Onset Breast Cancer
Breast cancer (BC) in young women is poorly understood and understudied in the literature. We need to design cohorts of breast cancer patients with young age of onset to study this particular group of patients better. 
  • 351
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Anxiety and Depression in Children with Chronic Headache
It has been observed that there is a higher-than-expected risk of anxiety and depression in children with chronic headache and also an increased risk for the persistence of headache in patients with anxiety and depression. The relationship between chronic headache and psychological co-morbidities is complex, interrelated and bi-directional. The close relationship between the disorders is evident in patients attending clinics with chronic headache, but it is also observed in population-based studies. The evidence for the co-existence of these disorders and the possible shared pathophysiologic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics are illustrated. 
  • 307
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Association between T1DM and Periodontal Diseases
Gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth. Although induced by the presence of bacterial biofilms, other factor, such as tobacco smoking, drugs, and various systemic diseases, are known to influence their pathogenesis. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases correspond to inflammatory diseases that have pathogenic mechanisms in common, with the involvement of pro-inflammatory mediators. There seems to be an association between periodontal disease (PD) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), and the prevalence and severity of PD was higher in DM1 patients when compared to healthy controls.
  • 293
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
SOXC Transcription Factors in Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common disorders that disrupt the quality of life of millions of people. Sex-determining region Y-related (SRY) high-mobility group (HMG) box C, SOXC, is a superfamily of transcription factors that have been recently shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. These include embryonic development, cell differentiation, fate determination, and autoimmune diseases, as well as carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The SOXC superfamily includes SOX4, SOX11, and SOX12, all have a similar DNA-binding domain, i.e., HMG. 
  • 324
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Sex Differences in Human Diabetic Kidney Disease
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a secondary disease of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). This microvascular complication develops in approximately 30% of patients with T1DM and 40% of patients with T2DM and is characterized by the presence of albuminuria and the progressive loss of renal function.
  • 551
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Epidemiology across Cancer Types in Microsatellite Instability
Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in a wide variety of tumor types and is one of the most important predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
  • 419
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Lithium as a Promising Anticancer Agent
Lithium is a therapeutic cation used to treat bipolar disorders but also has some important features as an anti-cancer agent. Lithium formulations such as lithium acetoacetate (LiAcAc), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium citrate (Li3C6H5O7), and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) induce apoptosis, autophagy, and inhibition of tumor growth and also participate in the regulation of tumor proliferation, tumor invasion, and metastasis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, lithium is synergistic with standard cancer therapies, enhancing their anti-tumor effects. In addition, lithium has a neuroprotective role in cancer patients, by improving their quality of life. Interestingly, nano-sized lithium enhances its anti-tumor activities and protects vital organs from the damage caused by lipid peroxidation during tumor development.
  • 380
  • 23 Apr 2023
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