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Topic Review
Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Psychiatry
The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) assesses the functionality of the HPA axis and can be regarded as the first potential biomarker in psychiatry. In 1981, a group of researchers at the University of Michigan published a groundbreaking paper regarding its use for diagnosing melancholic depression, reporting a diagnostic sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 95%.
  • 339
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Hepatitis C Virus-Ribonucleic Acid
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is potentially associated with liver cancer, and advances in various drugs have led to progress in the treatment of hepatitis C and attempts to prevent its transition to liver cancer. Furthermore, reactivation of HCV has been observed in the treatment of lymphoma, during which the immortalization and proliferation of lymphocytes occur, which leads to the possibility of further stimulating cytokines and the like and possibly to the development of lymphoid malignancy.
  • 332
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Metals as Antimicrobials
The nature of microorganisms and the efficiency of antimicrobials have witnessed a huge co-dependent change in their dynamics over the last few decades. On the other side, metals and metallic compounds have gained popularity owing to their effectiveness against various microbial strains.
  • 264
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Sports Performance and Breathing Rate
Breathing is a natural and necessary process for humans. At the same time, the respiratory pace and frequency can vary so much, depending on the status of the subject. Specifically, in sports, breathing can have the effect of limiting performance from a physiological point of view, or, on the other hand, breathing can regulate the psychological status of the athletes. 
  • 378
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Role of the Histaminergic System in Migraines
The histaminergic system may play an important role in migraine pathophysiology, and dietary histamine, similar to other chemical dietary triggers, may play a role in some individuals suffering from migraines.
  • 278
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Stomatognathic Diseases in Neurological Disorders
Patients affected by neurological disorders can develop stomatognathic diseases (SD) related to decreased bite force and quality of mastication, bruxism, severe clicking and other temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which deeply affect patients’ swallowing, masticatory and phonation functions and, therefore, their quality of life. 
  • 601
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Difficulties in Developing HER2-Targeted Therapy for Gastric Cancer
Advances in novel drugs and sequencing technologies have made biomarker-based, personalized, and effective treatment options available for patients with various types of solid tumor. Biomarker-based targeted therapy has dramatically changed the treatment of various cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer. The first biomarker to be developed as a therapeutic target in gastric adenocarcinoma and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (hereafter, gastric cancer) was human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family. It is overexpressed/amplified in approximately 20% of gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers. HER2 is being developed as a therapeutic target in a variety of cancers, and several agents have been shown to be effective in breast cancer.
  • 238
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer
The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (LC) is always a challenge. The difficulty in the decision of therapeutic schedule and diagnosis is directly related to intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in the progression of LC. It has been proven that most tumors emerge and evolve under the pressure of their living microenvironment, which involves genetic, immunological, metabolic, and therapeutic components. 
  • 408
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Corticolimbic GABAergic Interneurons and Opioidergic System
Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathways are extensive and consist of various subregions from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the limbic system, and the cortical areas. These neuronal projections are primarily involved in reward, motivational behaviors, and cognitive functions. The coexistence of opioid and GABA receptors on these neurons and their functional interplay enable the modulation of dopaminergic system in VTA. By understanding the receptor's co-localization and their immunochemical markers, clinicians and researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of the neuronal circuits contributing to the reward system.
  • 301
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Ferroptosis and Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which was first identified more than a century ago, has become a pandemic that exacts enormous social burden and economic tolls as no measure of combating devastated AD is currently available. Growing etiopathological, genetic, and biochemical data indicate that AD is a heterogeneous, polygenic, multifactorial, and complex disease. However, its exact etiopathology remains to be determined. Numerous experimental data show that cerebral iron and copper dyshomeostasis contribute to Aβ amyloidosis and tauopathy, two neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Increasing experimental evidence suggests ferroptosis, an iron-dependent and nonapoptotic form of cell death, may be involved in the neurodegenerative process in the AD brain. Thus, the anti-ferroptosis approach may be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for AD patients.
  • 767
  • 23 May 2023
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