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Topic Review
First-Line Randomized Clinical Trials of ALK-Is
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation amounts to around 3–7% of all non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). The clinical features of ALK+ NSCLC are an adenocarcinoma histology, younger age, limited smoking history, and brain metastases. The activity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is modest in ALK+ disease. Several randomized trials have proven that ALK inhibitors (ALK-Is) have greater efficacy with respect to platinum-based chemotherapy and that second/third generation ALK-Is are better than crizotinib in terms of improvements in median progression-free survival and brain metastases management.
  • 437
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Calcium Homeostasis of Resistant Breast Tumors
Cancer is one of the main health problems worldwide. Only in 2020, this disease caused more than 19 million new cases and almost 10 million deaths, with breast cancer being the most diagnosed worldwide. Studies highlighted the involvement of calcium in the proliferation or evasion of apoptosis in breast carcinoma cells.
  • 307
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Comparison of SABR with Other LDTs
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver tumor, with a continually rising incidence. The curative treatment for HCC is surgical resection or liver transplantation; however, only a small portion of patients are eligible due to local tumor burden or underlying liver dysfunction. Most HCC patients receive nonsurgical liver-directed therapies (LDTs), including thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Stereotactic ablative body radiation (SABR) is a specific type of EBRT that can precisely deliver a high dose of radiation to ablate tumor cells using a small number of treatments (or fractions, typically 5 or less). With onboard MRI imaging, MRI-guided SABR can improve therapeutic dose while minimizing normal tissue exposure.
  • 426
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Clinical Characteristics of Molecularly Defined Renal Cell Carcinomas
Kidney tumors comprise a broad spectrum of different histopathological entities, with more than 0.4 million newly diagnosed cases each year, mostly in middle-aged and older men. Based on the description of the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), some new categories of tumor types have been added according to their specific molecular typing. However, studies on these types of RCC are still superficial, many types of these RCC currently lack accurate diagnostic standards in the clinic, and treatment protocols are largely consistent with the treatment guidelines for clear cell RCC (ccRCC), which might result in worse treatment outcomes for patients with these types of molecularly defined RCC. 
  • 179
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Taurine and Terpenes
Taurine, black pepper, and the major terpene constituents found in black pepper (i.e., β-caryophyllene; α-pinene; β-pinene; α-humulene; limonene; and sabinene) that are present in PhytoCann BP® have been shown to have cardioprotective effects based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. 
  • 571
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
New Scenarios of Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth neoplasm in the world and the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment options for early stage HCC include potentially curative techniques such as liver transplantation (LT), liver resection (LR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The advent of immunotherapy in HCC treatment has significantly improved the rate of response to systemic therapy and could offer the rationale for adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapeutic schemes also in the management of liver neoplasms. 
  • 215
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Deciphering Lung Adenocarcinoma Heterogeneity
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death. 
  • 172
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Total/Subtotal Hysterectomy for the Treatment of Endometriosis
Hysterectomy is associated with risks; the risk of complications is greater in women with endometriosis. The majority of hysterectomies include removal of the cervix, but the rate of subtotal hysterectomies with retention of the cervical stump has increased in the last few decades.
  • 315
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness under Cardiovascular Risk
Pathophysiological conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, characterized by low nitric oxide bioavailability, deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation and heart effort, predispose individuals to atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac events. Nitrate (NO3−), L-arginine, L-citrulline and potassium (K+) can mitigate arterial dysfunction and stiffness by intensifying NO bioavailability. Dietary compounds such as L-arginine, L-citrulline, NO3− and K+ exert vasoactive effects as demonstrated in clinical interventions by noninvasive flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) prognostic techniques.
  • 490
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Technology
Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is an emerging technology that is expected to radically change clinical CT imaging. PCCT offers several advantages over conventional CT, which can be combined to improve and expand the diagnostic possibilities of CT angiography. 
  • 285
  • 07 Jun 2023
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