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Topic Review
CXCL1 in Anticancer Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumors
Gastrointestinal tumors are a diverse group of cancers that affect organs responsible for digestion. These tumors are categorized based on their specific organ location, including head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and rectal cancer. One area of cancer research is the interaction between cancer cells and immune cells, in which chemokines play a vital role. C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a chemokine consisting of 73 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 8 kDa. Its expression is regulated at both the transcription and CXCL1 mRNA stability levels.
  • 216
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Physiologic Effects of Natriuretic Peptides
Natriuretic peptides are a complex and interesting network of molecules playing pleiotropic effects on many organs and tissues, ensuring the maintenance of homeostasis mainly in the cardiovascular system and regulating the water–salt balance. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) and their receptors play several physiological roles in maintaining and ensuring homeostasis in the human body by performing pleiotropic actions on multiple organs and target sites. Various other mechanisms have been characterized in other organs, which were made possible by the specific and individual interactions between each natriuretic peptide and the corresponding receptor in a particular site of action.
  • 304
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Urinary Peptide and Proteomic Biomarkers in CKD
Biomarker development, improvement, and clinical implementation in the context of kidney disease have been a central focus of biomedical research. Only serum creatinine and urinary albumin excretion are well-accepted biomarkers in kidney disease. With their known blind spot in the early stages of kidney impairment and their diagnostic limitations, there is a need for better and more specific biomarkers. With the rise in large-scale analyses of the thousands of peptides in serum or urine samples using mass spectrometry techniques, hopes for biomarker development are high. Advances in proteomic research have led to the discovery of an increasing amount of potential proteomic biomarkers and the identification of candidate biomarkers for clinical implementation in the context of kidney disease management.
  • 205
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Algorithms in Developing CNS Biomarkers
Drawing from an extensive review of 66 publications, a comprehensive overview of the diverse approaches to creating mHealth-based biomarkers using machine learning is presented herein. By exploring the current landscape of biomarker development using mHealth technologies and machine learning, researchers aim to provide valuable insights into this rapidly evolving field. By doing so, researchers reflect on current challenges in this field and propose recommendations for ensuring the development of accurate, reliable, and interpretable biomarkers.
  • 340
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Treatment Strategies for Older Myeloma Patients
While novel therapies have improved outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM), physicians are calling for greater caution when managing this hematologic malignancy in older patients due to their fragility, which increases their vulnerability to toxic events. Additionally, this patient population may be excluded from clinical trials due to comorbidities, whereby available data are not always applicable in real-word clinical practice.
  • 218
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Breast
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MpBC) is a very rare and aggressive type of breast cancer. Data focusing on MpBC are limited. Eligible articles about MpBC were identified by searching CASES SERIES gov and the MEDLINE bibliographic database for the period of 1 January 2010 to 1 June 2021 with the keywords metaplastic breast cancer, mammary gland cancer, neoplasm, tumor, and metaplastic carcinoma.
  • 289
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin B12 Biochemistry and (Patho)-Physiology
Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential cofactor for two enzymes in human metabolism: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (catalyzing the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA), and methionine synthase (catalyzing the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine). While an inherited defect of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase causes methylmalonic aciduria, severe acquired B12 deficiency, mostly due to reduced uptake of B12, causes classical pernicious anemia. It may also cause neurological symptoms, most commonly sensory, but also motoric or painful neuropathy, symptoms that are also common in DPN.
  • 725
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Endothelial Cells
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical oxygen intermediates that serve as important second messengers in signal transduction. However, when the accumulation of these molecules exceeds the buffering capacity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction occur.
  • 319
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Based Antimicrobials against Periodontitis
eriodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products.
  • 357
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Micronutrients and Athletic Performance
To examine the effects of micronutrient intake on athletic performance and (ii) to determine the specific micronutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, that offer the most significant enhancements in terms of athletic performance, with the goal of providing guidance to athletes and coaches in optimizing their nutritional strategies.
  • 627
  • 07 Jun 2023
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