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Topic Review
Anti-Arthritic and Anti-Cancer Activities of Polyphenols
Polyphenols have gained widespread attention as they are effective in the prevention and management of various diseases, including cancer diseases (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are natural organic substances present in fruits, vegetables, and spices. Polyphenols interact with various kinds of receptors and membranes. They modulate different signal cascades and interact with the enzymes responsible for CD and RA. These interactions involve cellular machinery, from cell membranes to major nuclear components, and provide information on their beneficial effects on health.
  • 445
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Association between K+ Channels and Gynecological Cancers
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that allow the passage of ions through the plasma membrane and participate in diverse biological functions, from regulating the membrane potential to promoting signal transduction, contraction, and secretion, among many others. The potassium channel family is the most widely distributed group of ion channels, composed of dimers or tetrameric integral membrane proteins that regulate the flux of potassium ions. They are divided into four families based on the classification of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR): (i) voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv) encoded by forty genes in twelve subfamilies, (ii) inwardly rectifying K+ channels, (Kir) encoded by fifteen genes classified in seven subfamilies, (iii) calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels (KCa, KNa) encoded by eight genes in five subfamilies, and (iv) two-pore domain K+ channels (K2P) encoded by fifteen genes in six subfamilies. Potassium channels are aberrantly expressed in different cancer cell lines and cancer tissues, and there is mounting evidence that supports the association of potassium channels with the hallmarks of cancer, including cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; in accordance, blocking or suppressing their expression or activity has antineoplastic features in different types of tumors in both, in vitro and in vivo studies, strongly suggesting them as candidates for targeted therapy.
  • 283
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cyclodextrins/Estrogens Inclusion Complexes
In the pharmaceutical industry, cyclodextrins (CDs) are frequently used to improve the aqueous solubility, stability, and bioavailability of medications. Because estrogens have a low polarity, they can interact with some cyclodextrins’ hydrophobic cavities to create inclusion complexes, if their geometric properties are compatible. Estrogen-CD complexes have been widely applied in several fields for various objectives. 
  • 357
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Technologies for the Detection and Analysis of Noroviruses
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) belong to the genus of norovirus in the family of Caliciviridae and are the predominant cause of epidemic and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis around the world. Norovirus has a positive-strand RNA genome of approximately 7.5 kb, which contains three open reading frames (ORF). 
  • 280
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Dysbiosis and Allergic Diseases
The intestinal microbiota is a diverse and complex microecosystem that lives and thrives within the human body. The microbiota stabilizes by the age of three. This microecosystem plays a crucial role in human health, particularly in the early years of life. Dysbiosis has been linked to the development of various allergic diseases with potential long-term implications.
  • 314
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Aberrant Translation in Cancer
Aberrant translation, a characteristic feature of cancer, is regulated by the complex and sophisticated RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in the canonical translation machinery. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are the most abundant internal modifications in mRNAs mediated by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). METTL3 is commonly aberrantly expressed in different tumors and affects the mRNA translation of many oncogenes or dysregulated tumor suppressor genes in a variety of ways.
  • 298
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Pharmacological Management in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of longstanding diabetes mellitus. These neuropathies can present in various forms, and with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, a subsequent increase in peripheral neuropathy cases has been noted. Peripheral neuropathy has a significant societal and economic burden, with patients requiring concomitant medication and often experiencing a decline in their quality of life. There is currently a wide variety of pharmacological interventions, including serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, gapentanoids, sodium channel blockers, and tricyclic antidepressants. 
  • 353
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Fluid Resuscitation in Sepsis
The importance of fluid resuscitation therapy during the early stages of sepsis management is a well-established principle. Current Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines recommend the early administration of intravenous crystalloid fluids for sepsis-related hypotension or hyperlactatemia due to tissue hypoperfusion, within the first 3 h of resuscitation and suggest using balanced solutions (BSs) instead of normal saline (NS) for the management of patients with sepsis or septic shock.
  • 546
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Advanced Biomarkers of Hepatotoxicity in Psychiatry
One of the factors that increase the effectiveness of the pharmacotherapy used in patients abusing various types of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) is the proper functioning of the liver. To review three advanced markers of hepatotoxicity in psychiatry, namely, osteopontin (OPN), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and glutathione dehydrogenase (GDH, GLDH), and, on this basis, to identify recommendations that should be included in future studies in patients abusing NPSs. This will make it possible to determine whether NPSs do indeed have a hepatotoxic effect or whether other factors, such as additional substances taken or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, are responsible. NPS abusers are at particular risk of HCV infection, and for this reason, it is all the more important to determine what factors actually show a hepatotoxic effect in them.
  • 239
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review Video
Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative condition that affects over 20 million people around the world. It presents clinically as impairment of cognitive function and decision-making, memory loss, language difficulties and changes in behavior and personality. Neuronal loss and synaptic dysfunction are hallmarks of the disease. Detected microscopically within the brain are amyloid plaques formed by aggregation of amyloid β and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Increasing global concern has led to the allocation of extensive resources to study AD pathophysiology, but the understanding of its causes remains rudimentary, and the treatments are inadequate. Although AD causality is not clear, a key process observed in neurodegeneration in AD is the triggering of inflammatory cascades. 
  • 481
  • 08 Jun 2023
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