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Topic Review
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy for Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer is a deadly disease with worldwide prevalence that is often diagnosed at late stages. About two-thirds of patients in Western countries will present with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). When patients are diagnosed with LAGC, they frequently undergo surgery and perioperative chemotherapy. However, the most effective multimodality treatment regimen for LAGC has yet to be determined. In aiming to improve outcomes, current trials are examining immunotherapies and targeted therapies based on a growing understanding of the unique molecular characteristics and subtypes of LAGC.
  • 220
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Neurodegenerative Disabilities
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of versatile adult stem cells present in various organs. These cells give rise to extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a diverse array of biologically active elements, making them a promising approach for therapeutics and diagnostics. 
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Coronary No-Reflow after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Coronary no-reflow (CNR) is a frequent phenomenon that develops in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following reperfusion therapy. CNR is highly dynamic, develops gradually (over hours) and persists for days to weeks after reperfusion. Microvascular obstruction (MVO) developing as a consequence of myocardial ischemia, distal embolization and reperfusion-related injury is the main pathophysiological mechanism of CNR. The frequency of CNR or MVO after primary PCI differs widely depending on the sensitivity of the tools used for diagnosis and timing of examination. Coronary angiography is readily available and most convenient to diagnose CNR but it is highly conservative and underestimates the true frequency of CNR. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the most sensitive method to diagnose MVO and CNR that provides information on the presence, localization and extent of MVO. CMR imaging detects intramyocardial hemorrhage and accurately estimates the infarct size. MVO and CNR markedly negate the benefits of reperfusion therapy and contribute to poor clinical outcomes including adverse remodeling of left ventricle, worsening or new congestive heart failure and reduced survival.
  • 579
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Rechallenge in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies represent the current standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.
  • 326
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, Its Receptors and Molecular Interactions
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has emerged as a critical player in the development and progression of allergy and asthma. It is primarily produced by epithelial cells and functions as a potent immune system activator.
  • 231
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Potential of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treatment
Skeletal muscle is the protein reservoir of our body and an important regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The dystrophin gene is the largest gene and has a key role in skeletal muscle construction and function. Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy in humans, mice, dogs, and cats. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular condition causing progressive muscle weakness and premature death. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) prevents deleterious muscle responses under pathological conditions, including tumor and chronic steroid therapy-related muscle losses. The use of HMB as a dietary supplement allows for increasing lean weight gain; has a positive immunostimulatory effect; is associated with decreased mortality; and attenuates sarcopenia in elderly animals and individuals. 
  • 230
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biopolymers and Their Applications in Kidney Disease
Kidney disease has become a serious public health problem throughout the world, and its treatment and management constitute a huge global economic burden. Currently, the main clinical treatments are not sufficient to cure kidney diseases. During its development, nanotechnology has shown unprecedented potential for application to kidney diseases. However, nanotechnology has disadvantages such as high cost and poor bioavailability. In contrast, biopolymers are not only widely available but also highly bioavailable. Therefore, biopolymer-based nanosystems offer new promising solutions for the treatment of kidney diseases. 
  • 265
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Pathology
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterised by inflammation, extensive primary demyelination and progressive neurodegenerative processes.
  • 260
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Precision Allergy Molecular Diagnosis in Predicting Atopy Development
The allergic march is a progression of naturally occurring symptoms whose nature changes with age. The classic allergic march typically begins in infancy and manifests in the form of atopic dermatitis and food allergy. As immune tolerance develops over time, these conditions may resolve by the age of 3–5 years; however, they may evolve into allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Traditional diagnostic assessments, such as skin prick testing or serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level testing, are conducted to introduce effective treatment. The precision allergy molecular diagnosis (PAMD@) assesses sIgE against allergenic molecules. This new technology helps more accurately evaluate the patient’s allergy profile, which helps create more precise dietary specifications and personalize allergen-specific immunotherapy.
  • 341
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Nutrition in Cardiovascular Damage
The cardiovascular system is a well-known target of antineoplastic treatments, including anthracyclines, chest radiotherapy and new molecules, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Researchers investigated nutritional changes in children with cancer from the diagnosis to the end of treatment and dietary habits in cancer survivors. At diagnosis, children with cancer may present variable degrees of malnutrition, potentially affecting drug tolerability and prognosis. 
  • 310
  • 31 Aug 2023
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