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Topic Review
Dental Implants in Relation to Bone Density
Titanium has been the material of choice for dental implant fixtures due to its exceptional qualities, such as its excellent balance of rigidity and stiffness. Since zirconia is a soft-tissue-friendly material and caters to esthetic demands, it is an alternative to titanium for use in implants. Nevertheless, bone density plays a vital role in determining the material and design of implants. Compromised bone density leads to both early and late implant failures due to a lack of implant stability. 
  • 336
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Risk of Adverse Drug Reactions in Elderly Population
The European Medicine Agency (EMA) has defined Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) as “a noxious and unintended response to a medicine”, not including poisoning, accidental, or intentional overdoses. The ADR occurrence differs based on the approach adopted for defining and detecting them, the characteristics of the population under study, and the research setting. ADRs have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, particularly among older adults, and represent a financial burden for health services.
  • 305
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is a key part of treatment for many cancers. Vast advancements in the field of radiation oncology have led to a decrease in malignancy-related mortality, which has uncovered some of the long-term side effects of radiation therapy. Specifically, there has been an increase in research looking into the cardiovascular side effects of chest radiation therapy for cancers of the esophagus, breast, and lung tissue as well as lymphomas.
  • 157
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Cryosurgery in Breast Cancer Management
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of death among women, primarily due to the development of deadly metastases in 25–50% of patients, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis. Consequently, there is growing interest in exploring innovative therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcomes and enhance the quality of life for breast cancer patients.
  • 369
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Targeted Therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of breast cancers characterized by their lack of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and the HER2 receptor. They are more aggressive than other breast cancer subtypes, with a higher mean tumor size, higher tumor grade, the worst five-year overall survival, and the highest rates of recurrence and metastasis.
  • 171
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Molecular Mechanisms of Lipopolysaccharides Tolerance
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are complex molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which are composed of three main regions: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigen.
  • 243
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hypertensive Heart Failure
Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide, which largely surpasses other important factors of mortality such as smoking and metabolic diseases. HTN is the most important risk factor for heart failure (HF) development, with recent evidence indicating that HTN is present in 76% of incident HF cases, and the lifetime risk of HF is almost twice as high in people with HTN as in those with normal blood pressure (BP).
  • 192
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Enhanced Drug Penetration and Retention in Airway Mucosa
Airway mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel mainly composed of water, glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes, minerals, etc. Among them, glycoprotein is the main factor determining mucus-gel-like rheology. Airway mucus forms a protective barrier by secreting mucin, which represents the absorption barrier, especially for more lipophilic drugs. It rapidly clears the drug from the airways through physiological mucus clearance mechanisms, so the drug does not remain in the lungs or reach the airway epithelial tissue for a long time.
  • 212
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by skin sensitivity, flushing, centrofacial erythema, papules, and pustules. The condition has been classified into four subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular rosacea. Rosacea mainly affects the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. It causes flushing or transient erythema, persistent erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasias. The eyes can also be affected by rosacea, causing conditions such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and, rarely, keratitis. Physical changes in the face due to rosacea can cause embarrassment, leading to reduced quality of life and self-esteem.
  • 319
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bioprinting in Renal Regenerative Medicine
In this new era of technological advancement, three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged in medicine, promising to revolutionize surgical practices. Three-dimensional printing could be defined as “translating” a digital image into a 3D solid object by printing consecutive thin layers of materials. The fusion of tissue engineering and 3D printing has given rise to bioprinting. This technique employs biocompatible printers and "bio-ink" to create intricate tissue structures, while the complete fabrication of functional organs remains a research objective. 3D bioprinting has already shown promising results, especially in the field of microfluidic devices with the development of tissues demonstrating proximal tubules, glomerulus, and tubuloinerstitium functions. Such models could be applied in renal disease modeling and during drug development for nephrotoxicity investigation. 
  • 238
  • 08 Nov 2023
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