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Topic Review
Factors That Influence the Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners
Intraoral scanners (IOSs) have become increasingly popular in the field of dentistry for capturing accurate digital impressions of patients’ teeth and oral structures. The accuracy of intraoral scanning is influenced by various factors such as scanner selection, operator skill, calibration, patient’s oral anatomy, ambient conditions, and scanning aids. Maintaining updated software and understanding factors beyond scanner resolution are crucial for optimal accuracy. Conversely, smaller IOS tips, fast scanning speeds, and specific scanning patterns compromise the accuracy and precision. By understanding these factors, dental professionals can make more informed decisions and enhance the accuracy of IOSs, leading to improved final dental restorations.
  • 220
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Pathophysiological Process and Molecular Biology Characterization of Peritoneal-Metastasis
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is a common mode of distant metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has a poorer prognosis compared to other metastatic sites. The formation of PM foci depends on the synergistic effect of multiple molecules and the modulation of various components of the tumor microenvironment. The current treatment of CRC-PM is based on systemic chemotherapy. However, recent developments in local therapeutic modalities, such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC), have improved the survival of these patients.
  • 132
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Liver Disease
Advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) represents a complex and multifactorial clinical entity characterized by liver dysfunction and associated complications.
  • 212
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Drug-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common autoimmune blistering disease, is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting BP180 and BP230 in the basement membrane zone. This leads to the activation of complement-dependent and independent pathways, resulting in proteolytic cleavage at the dermoepidermal junction and an eosinophilic inflammatory response. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are the most frequently reported drugs related to BP and, therefore, have been extensively investigated. They may potentially trigger BP through the impaired proteolytic degradation of BP180, combined with immune dysregulation. Other drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, biologics, diuretics and cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric agents, have also been associated with BP development but present poorly understood pathogenic mechanisms.
  • 424
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has gained a significant place due to the emergence of innovative tools and improvements in surgical techniques, offering comparable efficacy and safety to traditional surgical methods.
  • 198
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology
Osteoporosis is a major public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide and resulting in significant economic costs. The condition is characterized by changes in bone homeostasis, which lead to reduced bone mass, impaired bone quality, and an increased risk of fractures. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis is complex and multifactorial, involving imbalances in hormones, cytokines, and growth factors. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying osteoporosis is essential for appropriate diagnosis and management of the condition.
  • 281
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Huntington’s Disease Mechanisms
Huntington’s disease (HD), despite its extrinsic simplicity—only mutation in one gene underlies the pathogenesis—has no effective treatment today. Designing an anti-HD therapy that would eliminate etiology is a topical and relevant task of biomedicine.
  • 342
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Adenoviral Gene Therapy Vectors
Adenoviral vectors are commonly used in clinical gene therapy. Apart from oncolytic adenoviruses, vector replication is highly undesired as it may pose a safety risk for the treated patient. Thus, careful monitoring for the formation of replication-competent adenoviruses (RCA) during vector manufacturing is required.
  • 291
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Serous Cystadenoma
Incidental pancreatic cysts are highly prevalent, with management dependent on the risk of malignant progression. Serous cystadenomas (SCAs) are the most common benign pancreatic cysts seen on imaging. They have typical morphological patterns but may also show atypical features that mimic precancerous and cancerous cysts.
  • 546
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Flavonols on Cognitive Functions in Diabetic Animals
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease associated with reduced synaptic plasticity, atrophy of the hippocampus, and cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment results from several pathological mechanisms, including increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors, prolonged oxidative stress and impaired activity of endogenous mechanisms of antioxidant defense, neuroinflammation driven by the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and disturbance of signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and cognitive functioning. Flavonols, a highly abundant class of flavonoids in the human diet, are appreciated as a potential pharmacological intervention against cognitive decline in diabetes. 
  • 208
  • 07 Dec 2023
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