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Topic Review
Ultrasound Imaging in Dentistry
Ultrasound Imaging, in addition to providing useful indications for diagnosis, can also be used with greater certainty as regards patient follow-up, being repeated at relatively short distances, without causing biological damage. Differently than X-rays, sound waves can be represented as a mechanical longitudinal wave, which can manifest as particle displacement or pressure alterations. 
  • 877
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia
Biliary atresia is an aggressive liver disease of infancy and can cause death without timely surgical intervention. Early diagnosis of biliary atresia is critical to the recovery of bile drainage and long-term transplant-free survival. Ultrasound is recommended as the initial imaging strategy for the diagnosis of biliary atresia. Numerous ultrasound features have been proved helpful for the diagnosis of biliary atresia. In recent years, with the help of new technologies such as elastography ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and artificial intelligence, the diagnostic performance of ultrasound has been significantly improved.
  • 593
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound for the Characterization of Renal Masses
Ultrasound is a widely available, approachable, and relatively inexpensive imaging modality that allows for real-time evaluation of a suspected renal mass without the drawbacks of ionizing radiation and the risk of an MRI. CEUS has several advantages over traditional grayscale ultrasound in the characterization of indeterminate renal masses. It has a distinct value in the characterization of cystic renal masses and has the potential to differentiate benign from malignant renal masses to some extent. Ultrasound molecular imaging could potentially be an extension of the use of CEUS for serial disease monitoring and longitudinal assessment of treatment response, though it remains in preclinical stages of development at this time. While emerging micro-Doppler techniques and elastography have shown some encouraging applications, current evidence is limited, and neither is ready for widespread clinical use.
  • 627
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound Examination in Nail Apparatus Assessment in Psoriasis
The assessment of psoriatic nail changes in everyday practice is based exclusively on clinical symptoms that do not reflect the entire disease process in the nail apparatus. The use of imaging methods, especially widely available and inexpensive ultrasonography, creates the possibility of additional revealing and assessing grayscale of morphological changes of the ventral nail plate, nail bed, and matrix, as well as the attachment of the finger extensor tendon to the distal phalanx. What is more, it enables the assessment of inflammation severity in the power Doppler technique. A qualitative classification of nail plate morphological changes corresponding to the severity of psoriatic nail changes has been developed so far and attempts are being made to develop a quantitative method to assess not only the presence of changes but also the severity of inflammation. 
  • 1.4K
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Therapy
The blood-brain barrier is the primary obstacle to efficient intracerebral drug delivery. Focused ultrasound, in conjunction with microbubbles, is a targeted and non-invasive way to disrupt the blood-brain barrier. Many commercially available ultrasound contrast agents and agents specifically designed for therapeutic purposes have been investigated in ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening studies. The new generation of sono-sensitive agents, such as liquid-core droplets, can also potentially disrupt the blood-brain barrier after their ultrasound-induced vaporization. 
  • 728
  • 30 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasound Assessment of Calcified Arteries for Arteriovenous Fistula
Arterial calcifications are present in about 20% of patients with end-stage kidney disease and they reduce the possibility of arterio-venous fistula (AVF) formation and maturation and increase the likelihood of distal ischemia. Arterial assessment is of utmost importance if researchers are to create distal radiocephalic AVFs in the elderly patients whenever possible without burdening them with futile surgical attempts. A grading system is proposed for quantifying the severity of calcifications in the arteries of the arm with ultrasound exam.
  • 294
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Ultrasound Assessment in Cardiogenic Shock Weaning
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with a high in-hospital mortality despite the achieved advances in diagnosis and management. Invasive mechanical ventilation and circulatory support constitute the highest step in cardiogenic shock therapy. Once established, taking the decision of weaning from such support is challenging. Intensive care unit (ICU) bedside echocardiography pro- vides noninvasive, immediate, and low-cost monitoring of hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac output, filling pressure, structural disease, congestion status, and device functioning. Supplemented by an ultrasound of the lung and diaphragm, it is able to provide valuable information about signs suggesting a weaning failure. The aim of this article was to review the state of the art taking into account current evidence and knowledge on ICU bedside ultrasound for the evaluation of weaning from mechanical ventilation and circulatory support in cardiogenic shock.
  • 404
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasound as a Screening Test for Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common malignancy diagnosed among women, the eighth leading cause of cancer mortality globally, and the most common cause of death among all gynecological cancers. Even though recent advances in technology have allowed for more accurate radiological and laboratory diagnostic tests, approximately 60% of OC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The role of ultrasound (U/S) is well documented in the primary diagnosis of OC and is potentially useful in the detection of OC associated with endometriosis. 
  • 312
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Ultrasonography for Injecting (Around) the Lateral Epicondyle
Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a very common and painful condition seen in the daily practice of musculoskeletal physicians. Ultrasound-guided (USG) injections are commonly performed to manage the pain, promote the healing phase, and plan a tailored rehabilitation treatment. In this aspect, several techniques were described to target specific pain generators i the lateral elbow.
  • 303
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Ultrasonographic Assessment during the Weaning Process
Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation (MV) is a complex process that may result in either success or failure. The use of ultrasound at the bedside to assess organs may help to identify the underlying mechanisms that could lead to weaning failure and enable proactive measures to minimize extubation failure.
  • 188
  • 23 Feb 2024
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