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Topic Review
Rosacea Classification and Treatment
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition. It mainly affects the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead, causing flushing or transient erythema, persistent erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasias, and the eyes may also be affected by rosacea. Rosacea is more common in women than in men and can start at any age. Rosacea affects both fair-skinned and darker-skinned people. Physical changes in the face due to rosacea can cause embarrassment, leading to reduced quality of life and self-esteem. Rosacea has several triggers, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, which means there are several treatment options, and these options can be combined. A patient’s clinical findings and symptoms will help a doctor to diagnose and classify the condition. Treatment options may include lifestyle changes, topical medications, systemic antibiotics and light-based therapy. 
  • 290
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
MDMA-Based Psychotherapy in Treatment-Resistant Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health disorder that causes significant dysfunction in individuals.
  • 473
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Iodixanol in CCTA and Cardiac Catheterization
Iodixanol is an iso-osmolar non-ionic dimeric hydrophilic contrast agent with a higher viscosity than the monomeric agents. It is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iso-osmolar agent in the United States, and it is the only contrast agent with an FDA-approved indication for use in cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), to assist in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
  • 182
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Drug Candidates Targeting HTLV-1 and Related Diseases
Among the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types, HTLV-1 is the most prevalent, and it has been linked to a spectrum of diseases, including HAM/TSP, ATLL, and hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated strongyloidiasis. There is no globally standard first-line treatment for HTLV-1 infection and its related diseases. To address this, a comprehensive research was conducted, analyzing 30 recent papers from databases PubMed, CAPES journals, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The studies encompassed a wide range of therapeutic approaches, including antiretrovirals, immunomodulators, antineoplastics, amino acids, antiparasitics, and even natural products and plant extracts. Notably, the category with the highest number of articles was related to drugs for the treatment of ATLL. Studies employing mogamulizumab as a new perspective for ATLL received greater attention in the last 5 years, demonstrating efficacy, safe use in the elderly, significant antitumor activity, and increased survival time for refractory patients. Concerning HAM/TSP, despite corticosteroid being recommended, a more randomized clinical trial is needed to support treatment other than corticoids. The research also included a comprehensive review of the drugs used to treat disseminated strongyloidiasis in co-infection with HTLV-1, including their administration form, in order to emphasize gaps and facilitate the development of other studies aiming at better-directed methodologies. Additionally, docking molecules and computer simulations show promise in identifying novel therapeutic targets and repurposing existing drugs. These advances are crucial in developing more effective and targeted treatments against HTLV-1 and its related diseases.
  • 277
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
MiRNAs and Their Role in Venous Thromboembolic Complications
Venous thromboembolic complications (VTCs), which include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), have remained a pressing problem in modern clinical medicine for a long time. Despite the already wide arsenal of modern methods for diagnosing and treating this disease, VTCs rank third in the structure of causes of death among all cardiovascular diseases, behind myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS). Numerous studies have confirmed the importance of understanding the molecular processes of VTCs for effective therapy and diagnosis. Significant progress has been made in VTC research, where the relative contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the mechanism of thrombus formation and their consideration as therapeutic targets have been well studied.
  • 198
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand in IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis
A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), the thirteenth member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a key role in the regulation of activated B cells, the survival of long-lived plasma cells, and immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype class switching. Several lines of evidence have implicated APRIL in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN).
  • 187
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Oral Manifestations of Graft vs. Host Disease
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). GVHD may also develop following solid transplants or blood transfusions if white blood cells are transferred. GVHD affects multiple organs, including the oral tissues. 
  • 135
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Ovarian Cancers
There have been significant developments in treatment for ovarian cancer, yet the lack of targeted therapy with few side effects still represents a major issue. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family plays a vital role in the tumorigenesis process and metabolism of drugs and has a negative impact on therapy outcomes. Gaining more insight into CYP expression is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer since many isoforms are essential to the metabolism of xenobiotics and steroid hormones, which drive the disease’s development. 
  • 129
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Role of Mevalonate Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer’s substantial impact on cancer-related mortality, responsible for 8% of cancer deaths and ranking fourth in the US, persists despite advancements, with a five-year relative survival rate of only 11%. The mevalonate pathway and its components play crucial roles in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Targeting cholesterol metabolism, particularly through the use of statins, holds promise as a therapeutic strategy.
  • 275
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19
The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted the health and socioeconomic status of humans worldwide. Pulmonary infection of SARS-CoV-2 results in exorbitant viral replication and associated onset of inflammatory cytokine storm and disease pathology in various internal organs. At present, the pathological manifestations of acute and long-term COVID-19 and the underlying pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although currently used mRNA vaccines help to reduce the death among COVID cases, the protective effect is not long-lasting. Similarly, there is no targeted therapy available currently to cure COVID-19. Therefore, additional studies to understand the host-pathogen interactions are urgently needed to develop improved vaccines and therapeutic interventions to combat the current global COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 295
  • 10 Nov 2023
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