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Topic Review
Fork-Head Box Genes in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer has been acknowledged as one of the most notorious cancers, responsible for millions of deaths around the globe. Understanding the various factors, genetic mutations, comprehensive pathways, etc., that are involved in the development of breast cancer and how these affect the development of the disease is very important for improving and revitalizing the treatment of this global health issue.
  • 123
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Postoperative Facial Swelling and Occlusion in Orthognathic Treatment
Orthognathic surgery (OS) is usually performed to improve functional and esthetic parameters by repositioning the maxilla, mandible and/or the symphysis, particularly among patients that have either passed the pubertal growth spurt or may be unsuitable for orthodontic camouflage. 
  • 129
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bioadhesive and Injectable Hydrogels
Injectable bioadhesive hydrogels, known for their capacity to carry substances and adaptability in processing, offer great potential across various biomedical applications. They are especially promising in minimally invasive stem cell-based therapies for treating cartilage damage. This approach harnesses readily available mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into chondrocytes for cartilage regeneration.
  • 219
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Regulation of NFR2 in Chronic Liver Diseases
Chronic liver disease (CLD) affects a significant portion of the global population, leading to a substantial number of deaths each year. Distinct forms like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD), though they have different etiologies, highlight shared pathologies rooted in oxidative stress. Central to liver metabolism, mitochondria are essential for ATP production, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and heme synthesis. However, in diseases like NAFLD, ALD, and liver fibrosis, mitochondrial function is compromised by inflammatory cytokines, hepatotoxins, and metabolic irregularities. This dysfunction, especially electron leakage, exacerbates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), augmenting liver damage. Amidst this, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) emerges as a cellular protector. It not only counters oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant genes but also maintains mitochondrial health by overseeing autophagy and biogenesis.
  • 406
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Optimal Insertion Torque for Orthodontic Anchoring Screw Placement
Eleven original articles with orthodontic anchoring screws (OASs) placement in humans including insertion torque (IT) and success rate were selected and were used to evaluate the relationships among IT, success rates, screw design, and placement methods at different sites. The ITs and success rates ranged from 6.0 ± 3.2 to 15.7 ± 2.3 Ncm and from 62.5 to 100.0% in the upper and lower buccal alveolar areas, respectively. For the mid-palatal area, the range was 14.5 ± 1.6 to 25.6 ± 5.5 Ncm and 83.0 to 100.0%, respectively. ITs of 5–12 and 6–14 Ncm were found to be optimal for the commonly used φ1.5–1.7 mm OASs in the upper and lower interproximal areas, respectively. In the mid-palatal suture area, ITs of 11–16 and 20–25 Ncm were considered suitable for tapered φ1.5 mm and φ2.0 mm OASs, respectively. Although identified optimal IT ranges deserve the recommendations, care must be taken to monitor the IT during placement constantly.
  • 207
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Management of Hypertension in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Hypertension is a critical component of cardiovascular disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease, and specifically diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Causation versus correlation remains up for debate, but what has been confirmed is the delay of DKD progression when hypertension is controlled or moved to guideline drive ranges.
  • 180
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Chronic Kidney Disease Urine Metabolomics
One of the primary challenges regarding chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis is the absence of reliable methods to detect early-stage kidney damage. A metabolomic approach is expected to broaden the current diagnostic modalities by enabling timely detection and making the prognosis more accurate. Analysis performed on urine has several advantages, such as the ease of collection using noninvasive methods and its lower protein and lipid content compared with other bodily fluids. 
  • 250
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Experimental Therapeutic Strategies for Thin Endometrium
Infertility caused by a thin endometrium remains a significant challenge in assisted reproduction and is often associated with a low success rate after treatment with assisted reproductive technology. There is a lack of consensus in the field concerning both its diagnostic criteria and clinical management. The available treatment options are few with limited efficacy. Advances in cell therapy and bioengineering have, however, shown promising results for the treatment of a thin endometrium. Notably, these novel interventions have demonstrated the ability to increase endometrial thickness, restore endometrial function, and improve reproductive outcomes.
  • 160
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Potential Therapeutic Strategies of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease is one of the outstanding challenges in gastroenterology. The increasing incidence of the disease is undoubtedly connected with the ongoing obesity pandemic. The lack of specific symptoms in the early phases and the grave complications of the disease require an active approach to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Therapeutic lifestyle changes should be introduced in a great majority of patients; but, in many cases, the adherence is not satisfactory. There is a great need for an effective pharmacological therapy for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, especially before the onset of steatohepatitis.
  • 217
  • 12 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Medical and Non-Medical USA Opioid Crisis
Drug overdose deaths in the USA rose from 16,849 in 1999 to nearly 110,000—of which an estimated 75,000 involved opioids—in 2022. On a yearly basis, the opioid casualty rate is higher than the combined number of victims of firearm violence and car accidents. The COVID-19 epidemic might have helped to worsen the addiction crisis in the USA by stimulating drug use among adolescents and diverting national attention to yet another public health crisis. So far, the failure to effectively respond to the opioid crisis is due to the gap between narcotic product regulation, regulation of marketing practices and the rise of a corporate-dominated health care system. 
  • 137
  • 12 Nov 2023
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