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Topic Review
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), classically regarded as the mediator of the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy syndrome, is a polyhormone that undergoes proteolytic processing into smaller bioactive forms. These bioactive forms comprise an N-terminal-as well as midregion-and C-terminal peptides, which have been shown to regulate various biological events, such as survival, proliferation and differentiation, in diverse cell model systems, both normal and pathological. 
  • 378
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cadmium-Associated Molecular Signatures in Cancer Cell Models
The exposure of cancer cells to cadmium and its compounds is often associated with the development of more malignant phenotypes, thereby contributing to the acceleration of tumor progression. It is known that cadmium is a transcriptional regulator that induces molecular reprogramming, and therefore the study of differentially expressed genes has enabled the identification and classification of molecular signatures inherent in human neoplastic cells upon cadmium exposure as useful biomarkers that are potentially transferable to clinical research. 
  • 261
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
PTHrP-Related Signatures in Adipogenesis and Transdifferentiation
Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a protein hormone of 139, 141, or 173 amino acids, which may be cleaved into smaller bioactive forms, comprising amino terminus, mid-region, and carboxy terminus peptides, active as key controllers of viability, proliferation, and differentiation in diverse normal and pathological cell and tissue model systems via the reprogramming of gene expression and intracellular signalization.
  • 244
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Physiochemical Properties
Zinc oxide nanomaterials have been the cynosure of this decade because of their immense potential in different biomedical applications. It includes their usage in the prognosis and treatment of different infectious and cellular diseases, owing to their peculiar physiochemical properties such as variable shape, size, and surface charge etc. Increasing demand and usage of the ZnO nanomaterials raise concerns about their cellular and molecular toxicity and their biocompatibility with human cells.
  • 615
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
HERV-K Modulates the Immune Response in ALS Patients
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects both lower motor neurons in brainstem and spinal cord and upper motor neurons in motor cortex. 
  • 270
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Next-Generation Sequencing in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Cytological approaches have long been used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic neoplasms. Technological advances in molecular biology, in particular next-generation sequencing (NGS), have made it possible to establish a molecular list of several gene mutations in AML and MDS, within a matter of days.
  • 285
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
cAMP-Related Macromolecular Complexes Regulating CFTR Opening
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). These molecules, known as CFTR modulators, have led to unprecedented improvements in the lung function and quality of life of most CF patients. However, the efficacy of these drugs is still suboptimal, and the clinical response is highly variable even among individuals bearing the same mutation. Furthermore, not all patients carrying rare CFTR mutations are eligible for CFTR modulator therapies, indicating the need for alternative and/or add-on therapeutic approaches. Because the second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) represents the primary trigger for CFTR activation and a major regulator of different steps of the life cycle of the channel, there is growing interest in devising ways to fine-tune the cAMP signaling pathway for therapeutic purposes.
  • 308
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Autophagy in Cardiac Differentiation
Autophagy is a critical biological process in which cytoplasmic components are sequestered in autophagosomes and degraded in lysosomes. This highly conserved pathway controls intracellular recycling and is required for cellular homeostasis, as well as the correct functioning of a variety of cellular differentiation programs, including cardiomyocyte differentiation. By decreasing oxidative stress and promoting energy balance, autophagy is triggered during differentiation to carry out essential cellular remodeling, such as protein turnover and lysosomal degradation of organelles. When it comes to controlling cardiac differentiation, the crosstalk between autophagy and other signaling networks such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt, Notch, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is essential, yet the interaction between autophagy and epigenetic controls remains poorly understood. Numerous studies have shown that modulating autophagy and precisely regulating it can improve cardiac differentiation, which can serve as a viable strategy for generating mature cardiac cells. 
  • 208
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Treatment
Lung cancer is managed using conventional therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both. Each of these therapies has its own limitations, such as the indiscriminate killing of normal as well as cancer cells, the solubility of the chemotherapeutic drugs, rapid clearance of the drugs from circulation before reaching the tumor site, the resistance of cancer cells to radiation, and over-sensitization of normal cells to radiation. Other treatment modalities include gene therapy, immunological checkpoint inhibitors, drug repurposing, and in situ cryo-immune engineering (ICIE) strategy. Nanotechnology has come to the rescue to overcome many shortfalls of conventional therapies.
  • 428
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
CDC6 as Key Inhibitory Regulator of CDK1 Activation
The kinetics of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) activation must be strictly controlled to guarantee a timely and physiological entry into mitosis. CDC6, a known S-phase regulator, has been found as a critical component in mitotic CDK1 activation cascade in early embryonic divisions. It acts due to association with Xic1 serving as a bona fide CDK1 inhibitor upstream of Aurora A and Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1), both of which are CDK1 activators.
  • 196
  • 05 Jul 2023
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