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Topic Review
(BEN)-Domain Containing Protein 3
(BEN)-Domain containing protein 3 (BEND3) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression in mammals. While there is limited research on the role of BEND3 as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene and its potential role in cancer therapy is still emerging, several studies suggest that it may be involved in both the processes. Its interaction and regulation with multiple other factors via p21 have already been reported to play a significant role in cancer development, which serves as an indication of its potential role in oncogenesis. Its interaction with chromatin modifiers such as NuRD and NoRC and its role in the recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) are some of the additional events indicative of its potential role in cancer development.
  • 385
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles and Inflammatory Diseases
Inflammation is the defense mechanism of the immune system against harmful stimuli such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation etc. and characterized by tissue redness, swelling, heat generation, pain, and loss of tissue functions. Inflammation is essential in the recruitment of immune cells at the site of infection, which not only aids in the elimination of the cause, but also initiates the healing process. However, prolonged inflammation often brings about several chronic inflammatory disorders, hence, a balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is essential in order to eliminate the cause while producing least damage to the host. Growing body of evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a major role in cell-cell communication via the transfer of bioactive molecules in the form of proteins, lipids, DNA, RNAs, miRNAs etc. between the cells.
  • 324
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are biologically active substances secreted by MSCs into the extracellular matrix that play an immunomodulatory role in skin damage repair.
  • 229
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
MT4-MMP in Cancer Progression
MT4-MMP (or MMP-17) belongs to the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs), a distinct subset of the MMP family that is anchored to the cell surface, in this case by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) motif. Its expression in a variety of cancers is well documented.
  • 380
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Melanin Transfer Models
Skin pigmentation ensures efficient photoprotection and relies on the pigment melanin, which is produced by epidermal melanocytes and transferred to surrounding keratinocytes. While the molecular mechanisms of melanin synthesis and transport in melanocytes are now well characterized, much less is known about melanin transfer and processing within keratinocytes.
  • 474
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Methods to Establish a 3D Cell Culture
The clear potential of three-dimensional (3D) systems to provide new models suitable for studying cell interactions in both basic and more specialized research, revolutionizing cell culture technology, and offering alternative methods for animal experimentation, has prompted the scientific community to develop different efficient methods to establish 3D cell cultures, all of which, in turn, affect 3D model characteristics. These techniques can be divided into two major categories: scaffold-free systems and scaffold-based systems. Scaffold-free systems are based on the self-aggregation capability of some cell types, which can be encouraged using specific cell plates and/or physical parameters that avoid cell attachment. On the other hand, in scaffold-based systems, cells are seeded in natural or synthetic materials, allowing cell proliferation, aggregation, and 3D organization.
  • 592
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Iron Metabolism and Mechanisms of Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by phospholipid peroxidation and associated with processes including iron overload, lipid peroxidation, and dysfunction of cellular antioxidant systems. Ferroptosis is found to be closely related to many diseases, including cancer at every stage. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in malignant tumors that originate from epithelia promotes cancer-cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by disrupting cell–cell and cell–cell matrix junctions, cell polarity, etc.
  • 213
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Ultrastructural Features of the Blood-Brain Barrier
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier separating neurocytes and brain tissues from blood that is extremely sealed and strictly regulated by transporters such as aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), glucose transporter (GLUT), and specialized tight junctional complexes (TJCs) including tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions (AJs), and Zonulae occludens (ZOs). With specifically selective transcellular and paracellular permeability, the BBB maintains a homeostatic microenvironment to protect the central nervous system (CNS).
  • 306
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Influence of Extracellular Vesicles on Lung Stromal Components
One of the common locations for breast cancer metastasis is the lung, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles secreted from the primary breast tumor play a key role in establishing the lung pre-metastatic niche to support colonization of metastatic tumor cells. 
  • 225
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Macrophages during Gout
Metabolites are the substrate, intermediate, or final products of metabolic reactions that drive the function of a given cell in a particular time and context. Therefore, metabolites provide essential information about the connection between gene expression and the environment, and, as such, they are elegant disease biomarkers. Macrophages represent an elegant model for understanding histone dynamics, transcription factor recruitment, and changes in gene expression during signal transduction by environmental signals.
  • 214
  • 27 Jul 2023
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