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Topic Review
Lipids in Food Flavor Generation
Lipids in food are a source of essential fatty acids and also play a crucial role in flavor and off-flavor development. Lipids contribute to food flavor generation due to their degradation to volatile compounds during food processing, heating/cooking, and storage and/or interactions with other constituents developed from the Maillard reaction and Strecker degradation, among others. The degradation of lipids mainly occurs via autoxidation, photooxidation, and enzymatic oxidation, which produce a myriad of volatile compounds. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids generates hydroperoxides that then further break down to odor-active volatile secondary lipid oxidation products including aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones.
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Epoxides Cycloaddition for CO2 Utilization
In the present review (10.3390/pr8050548), CO2 cycloaddition can be seen as a reasonably competent alternative to CO2 transformation, offsetting the high value-added nature by extending material use defer CO2 back to the atmosphere when compared to commodities and fuels such as urea, methanol, and methane.
  • 2.2K
  • 27 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction
The catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction followed by well-established synthesis gas conversion technologies could be a practical technique to convert CO2 to valuable chemicals and fuels in industrial settings. For catalyst developers, prevention of side reactions like methanation, low-temperature activity, and selectivity enhancements for the RWGS reaction are crucial concerns. Cerium oxide (ceria, CeO2) has received considerable attention due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties. 
  • 2.2K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Propylene Synthesis
Propylene is one of the most important feedstocks in the chemical industry, as it is used in the production of widely diffused materials such as polypropylene. Conventionally, propylene is obtained by cracking petroleum-derived naphtha and is a by-product of ethylene production. To ensure adequate propylene production, an alternative is needed, and propane dehydrogenation is considered the most interesting process.
  • 2.2K
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Lignin Biopolymer in Biomaterials Synthesis
Lignin is one of the wood and plant cell wall components that is available in large quantities in nature. Its polyphenolic chemical structure has been of interest for valorization and industrial application studies. Lignin can be obtained from wood by various delignification chemical processes, which give it a structure and specific properties that will depend on the plant species. Due to the versatility and chemical diversity of lignin, the chemical industry has focused on its use as a viable alternative of renewable raw material for the synthesis of new and sustainable biomaterials. 
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Removal of Purines from Beer
Beer corresponds to a fermented alcoholic beverage composed of several components, including purine compounds. These molecules, when ingested by humans, can be catabolized into uric acid, contributing to uric acid’s level increase in serum, which may lead to hyperuricemia and gout. To assure a proper management of this disease, physicians recommend restrictive dietary measures, particularly by avoiding the consumption of beer. Therefore, it is of relevance to develop efficient methods to remove purine compounds from alcoholic beverages such as beer. There are several enzymatic, biological, and adsorption methods reported envisaging purine compounds’ removal. Some enzymatic and biological methods present drawbacks, which can be overcome by adsorption methods. Within adsorption methods, adsorbent materials, such as activated carbon or charcoal, have been reported and applied to beer or wort samples, showing an excellent capacity for adsorbing and removing purine compounds. By ensuring the selective removal of purine compounds from this beverage, beer can be taken by hyperuricemic and gouty patients, avoiding restrictive dietary measures, while decreasing the related healthcare economic burden. 
  • 2.1K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment
POME is considered as one of the major problems that has generated voluminously from the palm oil industries. Pre-treatment is utmost required prior discharge to the environment. This review deals with current POME treatment techniques.
  • 2.1K
  • 26 May 2021
Topic Review
Sugar Based Surfactants
Sugar-based surfactants are a class of surfactants derived from natural sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, and maltose. These surfactants have gained significant interest in recent years due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and high compatibility with biological systems. Sugar-based surfactants are classified into two main groups: alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) and saccharide fatty acid esters (SFAEs). APGs are produced by reacting a fatty alcohol with glucose, while SFAEs are produced by esterifying a sugar molecule with a fatty acid. APGs have excellent cleaning and foaming properties and are used in a variety of personal care and household products, including shampoos, body washes, and dishwashing detergents. SFAEs are mainly used in the food industry as emulsifiers and stabilizers. One of the main advantages of sugar-based surfactants is their biodegradability, which means that they break down into harmless substances when exposed to environmental conditions such as sunlight, water, and microorganisms. This makes them an attractive alternative to synthetic surfactants, which can persist in the environment for a long time and have negative impacts on ecosystems.
  • 2.1K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Polymers Modifications through Ultraviolet Absorbers Addition
The photooxidative degradation process of plastics caused by ultraviolet irradiation leads to bond breaking, crosslinking, the elimination of volatiles, formation of free radicals, and decreases in weight and molecular weight. Photodegradation deteriorates both the mechanical and physical properties of plastics and affects their predicted life use, in particular for applications in harsh environments. Plastics have many benefits, while on the other hand, they have numerous disadvantages, such as photodegradation and photooxidation in harsh environments and the release of toxic substances due to the leaching of some components, which have a negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, attention is paid to the design and use of safe, plastic, ultraviolet stabilizers that do not pose a danger to the environment if released. Plastic ultraviolet photostabilizers act as efficient light screeners (absorbers or pigments), excited-state deactivators (quenchers), hydroperoxide decomposers, and radical scavengers. Ultraviolet absorbers are cheap to produce, can be used in low concentrations, mix well with polymers to produce a homogenous matrix, and do not alter the color of polymers.
  • 1.8K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Citrus Waste
The scientific name of citrus is Citrus L. and it belongs to the Rutaceae family. It is one of the most important fruit crops that is grown throughout the world. During processing, a large amount of waste is produced from citrus fruits in the form of peel, seeds, and pomace. Every year, the citrus processing industry creates a large amount of waste. The citrus waste is composed of highly bioactive substances and phytochemicals, including essential oils (EOs), ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and a range of trace elements.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Feb 2023
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