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Topic Review
Applications of Liquid Crystals-Based Sensors
Liquid crystals are a class of chemical substances that exist in intermediate states between crystalline solids and liquids. They thus share the anisotropic properties of crystalline solids as well as fluid properties of isotropic liquids. 
  • 3.1K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Acoustic Extinguishing
In the fire-extinguishing process, in principle, one of the components in the fire tetrahedron must be removed. For example, a natural gas fire occurring on a stovetop burner can be extinguished in various ways: Eliminating the fuel source by shutting off the gas supply may be the first option. Another option is to completely cover the flame to block any oxidizer that is present, such as oxygen in the air, during combustion.
  • 3.0K
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Resistive Gas Sensor
With a series of widespread applications, resistive gas sensors are considered to be promising candidates for gas detection, benefiting from their small size, ease-of-fabrication, low power consumption and outstanding maintenance properties. One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials, which have large specific surface areas, abundant exposed active sites and high length-to-diameter ratios, enable fast charge transfers and gas-sensitive reactions. They can also significantly enhance the sensitivity and response speed of resistive gas sensors.
  • 3.0K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Molybdenum Disulfide
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the compounds discussed nowadays due to its outstanding properties that allowed its usage in different applications. Its band gap and its distinctive structure make it a promising material to substitute graphene and other semiconductor devices. It has different applications in electronics especially sensors like optical sensors, biosensors, electrochemical biosensors that play an important role in the detection of various diseases’ like cancer and Alzheimer. It has a wide range of energy applications in batteries, solar cells, microwave, and Terahertz applications. It is a promising material on a nanoscale level, with favorable characteristics in spintronics and magnetoresistance. 
  • 2.9K
  • 24 May 2021
Topic Review
Fundamentals of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been the subject of huge investigation since it is at the heart of various energy conversion and storage systems such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and so on. The mechanistic pathway is governed not only by the oxygen adsorption mode, but it also depends on the dissociation barrier of the catalyst surface. 
  • 2.9K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Binders Used for the Manufacturing of Composite Materials
Binders, or tackifiers, have become widespread in the production of new composite materials by liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques due to their ability to stabilize preforms during laying-up and impregnation, as well as to improve fracture toughness of the obtained composites, which is very important in aviation, automotive, ship manufacturing, etc. Furthermore, they can be used in modern methods of automatic laying of dry fibers into preforms, which significantly reduces the labor cost of the manufacturing process.
  • 2.8K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Compositional Engineering of Perovskites
We give a systematic overview of compositional engineering by distinguishing the different defect-reducing mechanisms. Doping effects are divided into influences on: (1) crystallization; (2) lattice properties. Incorporation of dopant influences the lattice properties by: (a) lattice strain relaxation; (b) chemical bonding enhancement; (c) band gap tuning. The intrinsic lattice strain in undoped perovskite was shown to induce vacancy formation. The incorporation of smaller ions, such as Cl, F and Cd, increases the energy for vacancy formation. Zn doping is reported to induce strain relaxation but also to enhance the chemical bonding. The combination of computational studies using (DFT) calculations quantifying and qualifying the defect-reducing propensities of different dopants with experimental studies is essential for a deeper understanding and unraveling insights, such as the dynamics of iodine vacancies and the photochemistry of the iodine interstitials, and can eventually lead to a more rational approach in the search for optimal photovoltaic materials.
  • 2.5K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Spirulina for Skin Care
Spirulina stands out as a sustainable bioactive microalga with health-promoting properties, and an important active ingredient of natural cosmetics products. 
  • 2.4K
  • 05 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Aminoacid Surfactants
Aminoacid surfactants are a type of surfactant that is composed of both an amino acid and a hydrophobic tail. They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, which allows them to lower the surface tension between two immiscible phases, such as oil and water. Aminoacid surfactants are becoming increasingly popular in personal care and cosmetic products due to their mildness and biocompatibility. They are often used as alternatives to traditional surfactants, which can be harsh and irritating to the skin and eyes. Here are several types of amino acid surfactants, each with its own unique properties and applications. Alkyl-L-glutamate, alkyl-L-amino acids, alkyl-D-amino acids, alkyl-amino acids, and dipeptide surfactants are just a few examples of the different types of amino acid surfactants available. With their biodegradability, low toxicity, and excellent foaming and emulsifying properties, amino acid surfactants are a valuable addition to the surfactant industry.
  • 2.4K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biofilm and Pathogen Inhibition in Cooling Towers Using Natural Chemistry
Industrial comfort cooling and process cooling typically employ water evaporative cooling towers (CTs) to dissipate reject heat.  This warm water, enriched with nutrient materials scrubbed from the air or in source water, provides a nurturing environment for a wide variety of neutrophilic microorganisms, some of which are human pathogens.  For example, cases of Legionella pneumophila infection have been traced to CT Systems that have become pubic hazards in recent years.  Typically, one or more toxic microbicides are applied to control the problem.  This article highlights two case studies that utilize ultra-softened (<0.3 mg/L total hardness), highly-concentrated chemical components, naturally present in almost all makeup water sources used by CT Systems, that can generate high-pH, high-TDS cooling water.  At sufficient concentrations, these two natural parameters are hostile to microorganisms, including protozoa and slime-forming (biofilm) bacteria that harbor pathogens.  Field testing for Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP), reported in Relative Light Units (RLU), provides a quick, sensitive method to detect all water-borne microbiological activity present in CT Systems and verifies the effectiveness of the anti-microbial program by quantifiable data, reported as ATP-RLU.
  • 2.3K
  • 28 Oct 2020
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