Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Regenerative Medicine
The use of biological templates for the suitable growth of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and “neo-tissue” construction has exponentially increased over the last years. The bioengineered scaffolds still have a prominent and biocompatible framework playing a role in tissue regeneration. In order to supply AD-MSCs, biomaterials, as the stem cell niche, are more often supplemented by or stimulate molecular signals that allow differentiation events into several strains, besides their secretion of cytokines and effects of immunomodulation. This systematic review aims to highlight the details of the integration of several types of biomaterials used in association with AD-MSCs, collecting notorious and basic data of in vitro and in vivo assays, taking into account the relevance of the interference of the cell lineage origin and handling cell line protocols for both the replacement and repairing of damaged tissues or organs in clinical application. Our group analyzed the quality and results of the 98 articles selected from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 97% of the articles retrieved demonstrated the potential in clinical applications. The synthetic polymers were the most used biomaterials associated with AD-MSCs and almost half of the selected articles were applied on bone regeneration.
  • 573
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Regenerated Keratin-Based Biofilms
The recycling, development, and application of keratin-containing waste (e.g., hair, wool, feather, and so on) provide an important means to address related environmental pollution and energy shortage issues. The extraction of keratin and the development of keratin-based functional materials are key to solving keratin-containing waste pollution. Keratin-based biofilms are gaining substantial interest due to their excellent characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, high biodegradability, appropriate adsorption, and rich renewable sources, among others. At present, keratin-based biofilms are a good option for various applications, and the development of keratin-based biofilms from keratin-containing waste is considered crucial for sustainable development. 
  • 685
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Reference Electrodes
A reference electrode is a half-cell (an electrode) with a stable, well-defined and highly reproducible electrode potential. A vast number of electrodes have been developed for different applications. They are briefly presented. For the common types, the advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Practical hints for daily use are provided.
  • 3.2K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Reductive Aminations with Metal Catalysts
Recently, N-substituted anilines have been the object of increasing research interest in the field of organic chemistry due to their role as key intermediates for the synthesis of important compounds such as polymers, dyes, drugs, agrochemicals and pharmaceutical products. Among the various methods reported in literature for the formation of C–N bonds to access secondary anilines, the one-pot reductive amination of aldehydes with nitroarenes is the most interesting procedure, because it allows to obtain diverse N-substituted aryl amines by simple reduction of nitro compounds followed by condensation with aldehydes and subsequent reduction of the imine intermediates. These kinds of tandem reactions are generally catalyzed by transition metal-based catalysts, mainly potentially reusable metal nanoparticles. 
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Reduction of Graphene Oxide by L-aa
The reduced form of graphene oxide (r-GO) represents a versatile precursor to obtain graphene-like materials. GO consists in a layered material based on a carbon skeleton functionalized by different oxygen-containing groups, while r-GO is obtained by the almost complete removal of  these oxygen-containing functional groups. The r-GO has mechanical, electrical, and optical properties quite similar to graphene, thus it proves to be a convenient 2D material useful for many technological applications. Consequently, the availability of effective soft-chemistry approaches based on  a green reducing agent for converting GO to r-GO are strongly needed. Among the green reductants the most suitable is the L-ascorbic acid (L-aa).
  • 530
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Reduction of Graphene Oxide
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms lined up in a hexagonal lattice, and graphite is composed of these multiple layers.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Reducing Chlorine Evolution through Transitional Metal Dopants
Electrocatalytic water splitting is a possible route to the expanded generation of green hydrogen; a long-term challenge is the requirement of fresh water as an electrolyzer feed. The use of seawater as a direct feed for electrolytic hydrogen production would alleviate fresh water needs and potentially open an avenue for locally generated hydrogen from marine hydrokinetic or off-shore power sources. One environmental limitation to seawater electrolysis is the generation of chlorine as a competitive anodic reaction. 
  • 490
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Reduced Graphene Oxide-Loaded Metal-Oxide Nanofiber Gas Sensors
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a reduced form of graphene oxide used extensively in gas sensing applications. On the other hand, in its pristine form, graphene has shortages and is generally utilized in combination with other metal oxides to improve gas sensing capabilities. There are different ways of adding rGO to different metal oxides with various morphologies. 
  • 194
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Redox-Active Metal Ions
Redox-active metal ions, Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III), are essential biological molecules for the normal functioning of the brain, including oxidative metabolism, synaptic plasticity, myelination, and generation of neurotransmitters.
  • 634
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Redox Active Organic-Carbon Composites for Supercapacitors
The redox active organic compounds and composites should meet the criteria of capacitive nature and have high chemical and electrochemical stability. Pseudocapacitive behavior that shows ideal characteristics as reflected in linear galvanostatic charge-discharge and rectangular voltammograms need to be targeted. Battery-like bulk faradaic behavior, which is not ideal for high-power (rate) capacitive applications but is often reported for supercapacitors, should be differentiated.
  • 474
  • 17 Jan 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 467
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback