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Topic Review
Biohydrogen for Sustainable Energy Solutions
Energy plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of modern nations. Hydrogen is considered the most promising alternative fuel as it can be generated from clean and green sources. Moreover, it is an efficient energy carrier because hydrogen burning only generates water as a byproduct. It is generated from natural gas. However, it can be produced using other methods, i.e., physicochemical, thermal, and biological. The biological method is considered more environmentally friendly and pollution free.
  • 688
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bioinspired Antibacterial Surfaces
Briefly, depending on whether extra interventions are needed, bioinspired antibacterial surfaces can be categorized into passive and active ones
  • 343
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Biological Activities of Ruthenium NHC Complexes
Ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have unique physico-chemical properties as catalysts and a huge potential in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, exhibiting a variety of notable biological activities.
  • 170
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activity of Flavones, Flavonols, and Aurones
Flavonoids are a widely distributed group of natural polyphenolic compounds that are found in plants usually in glycosylated form and have been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties, making them an attractive target for synthesis and further research.
  • 553
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activity of the 3-Heteroaryl Fluoroquinolone Hybrids
There are promising studies in the area of 3-heteroaryl hybrids. The latter can be synthesized via different convinient methods with the formation of new derivatives with five-membered and fused heterocycles or creation of bis-fluoroquinolones with variable linking moieties. These novel compounds revealed not only good antimicrobial properties compared to the parent molecules but were also widely investigated as anticancer agents with promising activity.
  • 196
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biological and Therapeutical Properties of Silica-Based Nanoparticles
Nanoscience and nanotechnology explore the properties and application of particulate systems at the nanometric size. At this scale, materials exhibit properties and characteristics different from their bulk form due to the surface and quantum confinement effects. These effects are related to the increase in the area/volume ratio, which can improve textural properties, such as specific surface area and porosity. Additionally, quantum effects are involved with electronic and optical modifications. When considering their unique properties and characteristics, nanoparticles and nanomaterials have been widely used in water remediation, pesticide detection, and especially in biomedical applications. Despite their excellent properties, the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a common concern for the scientific community.
  • 442
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biological Applications of IO@MS Core-Shell Nanoparticles
The design of core-shell nanocomposites composed of an iron oxide core and a silica shell offers promising applications in the nanomedicine field, especially for developing efficient theranostic systems which may be useful for cancer treatments. 
  • 229
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Biological Carbon Fixation
Biological carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation is the process by which inorganic carbon (particularly in the form of carbon dioxide) is converted to organic compounds by living organisms. The compounds are then used to store energy and as structure for other biomolecules. Carbon is primarily fixed through photosynthesis, but some organisms use a process called chemosynthesis in the absence of sunlight. Organisms that grow by fixing carbon are called autotrophs, which include photoautotrophs (which use sunlight), and lithoautotrophs (which use inorganic oxidation). Heterotrophs are not themselves capable of carbon fixation but are able to grow by consuming the carbon fixed by autotrophs or other heterotrophs. "Fixed carbon", "reduced carbon", and "organic carbon" may all be used interchangeably to refer to various organic compounds. Chemosynthesis is carbon fixation driven by chemical energy, rather than from sunlight. Sulfur- and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria often use the Calvin cycle or the reductive citric acid cycle.
  • 646
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biological Degradation of Polymers
Biodegradable plastics can make an important contribution to the struggle against increasing environmental pollution through plastics. This entry provides an overview of the main environmental conditions in which biodegradation takes place and then presents the degradability of numerous polymers. 
  • 2.4K
  • 23 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Biological Effects of Natural Acylated Flavonoids
Acylated flavonoids are widely distributed natural metabolites in medicinal plants and foods with several health attributes. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in planta, and they are well recognized for their health benefits, viz., anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and as neuro- and cardio-protective effects. Flavonoids are phytochemicals comprising a benzopyrone ring bearing a phenolic or poly-phenolic group at different positions, classified based on their chemical structure, degree of unsaturation, and oxidation of carbon ring, viz., anthoxanthins (flavanone and flavanol), flavanones, flavanonols, flavans, chalcones, anthocyanidins, and isoflavonoids.
  • 624
  • 14 Sep 2022
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