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Topic Review
Bi-Dimensional MIP Composites
Deposition of thin MIP layers over different substrates, i.e. metal chips, silicon-based supports, carbon-based materials or semiconductors
  • 355
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Bi-Ssubstituted Iron Garnet Multilayer Structures
In this encyclopaedia entry, we are reporting on the unconventional magnetic switching properties of sputtered all-garnet multilayer thin film structures. Within the scope of this study, thin magnetic trilayers were fabricated on both garnet and glass substrates, in which magneto-soft material layers are sandwiched in-between two magneto-hard garnet material layers of identical composition type.
  • 874
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Bifacial Photovoltaics
In 2016 the first >2 MWp fixed tilt bifacial PV system (“La Hormiga”) was built by MegaCell in San Felipe, located in the region of Valparaiso in Chile, using nPERT BiSoN modules. The innovations in this system were the adapted mounting structures (which were not covering the rear side of the modules), as well as the enhancement of albedo using white quartz stones below them. The bifacial gain was about 15% with the natural albedo of ca. 28%, whereas the albedo enhancement to 75% provided by the white stones led to a bifacial gain of about 25%. After that, Sunpreme installed their SHJ (Silicon HeteroJunction) modules in a 10 MWp bifacial system on a US industrial rooftop, and large bifacial systems were installed in China in the TopRunner program, where the Chinese Government was supporting innovations to be introduced into the market. Yingli installed a fixed tilt 50 MWp system with bifacial nPERT Panda modules, followed by a 100 MWp “Panda PV system” in 2018. Since then large bifacial PV systems are entering the PV market. In 2021 bifacial PV became bankable and will become main-stream in the coming 5 years.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 May 2021
Topic Review
Bigels
Bigels have been mainly applied in the pharmaceutical sector for the controlled release of drugs or therapeutics. However, these systems, with their intricate structures, hold great promise for wider application in food products. Besides their classical role as carrier and target delivery vehicles for molecules of interest, bigels may also be valuable tools for building complex food structures. In the context of reducing or even eliminating undesirable (but often highly functional) food components, current strategies often critically affect food structure and palatability. The production of solid fat systems that are trans-fat-free and have high levels of unsaturated fatty acids is one of the challenges the food industry currently faces. 
  • 260
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bimetal CuFe Nanoparticles
Bimetal CuFe (copper-iron) nanoparticles, which are based on the earth-abundant and inexpensive metals, have generated a great deal of interest in recent years. The fusion of the unique properties of copper and iron in one single entity may result in the formation of nanocomposites with multifunctional properties (magnetic, catalytic, electrical) and their potential applications in the areas of electronics, photonics, and catalysis.
  • 825
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Bimetallic Nanocrystals
Bimetallic nanocrystals are nanoscale crystals composed of two different metal elements. Bimetallic nanocrystals are expected to exhibit improved physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect between the two metals, not just a combination of two monometallic properties, which have important applications in the field of catalysis, energy conversion, gas sensing and bio-detection applications. 
  • 441
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Bimetallic Nanomaterials
Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) are one kind of innovative nanomaterials, referring to nano-bimetallic alloy, intermetallic compounds, or the combination of two kinds of metallic nanoparticles. Compared with monometallic nanomaterials, BMNs perform similar or even better physical and chemical properties in the medical field. BMNs possess excellent physical and chemical properties, such as easy surface modification, superior photothermal properties, multiple catalytic properties, delicate sensitivity, and good stability. Synthesis methods of bimetallic nanomaterials. The preparation methods of BMNs commonly used for cancer therapy, such as co-reduction method, hydrothermal method, seed-mediated growth method, and electrodeposition method.
  • 664
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bimetallic Ni-Based Catalysts CO2 Methanation
CO2 methanation has recently emerged as a process that targets the reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, via the conversion of CO2 captured from point and mobile sources, as well as H2 produced from renewables into CH4. Ni, among the early transition metals, as well as Ru and Rh, among the noble metals, have been known to be among the most active methanation catalysts, with Ni being favoured due to its low cost and high natural abundance. However, insufficient low-temperature activity, low dispersion and reducibility, as well as nanoparticle sintering are some of the main drawbacks when using Ni-based catalysts. Such problems can be partly overcome via the introduction of a second transition metal (e.g., Fe, Co) or a noble metal (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd and Re) in Ni-based catalysts. Through Ni-M alloy formation, or the intricate synergy between two adjacent metallic phases, new high-performing and low-cost methanation catalysts can be obtained.
  • 938
  • 12 May 2021
Topic Review
Bimodal Nanostructure
Nanocrystalline metals developed based on fine grain strengthening always have excellent strength, but are accompanied by a drop in ductility. Substantial efforts have been dedicated to design new microstructures and develop the corresponding processing technologies in order to solve this problem. One of the novel nanostructures is the bimodal grain size distribution nanostructure.
  • 473
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Binary Chalcogenides and Their Photocatalytic Water-Splitting Activities
Chalcogenides are essential in the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen fuel due to their narrow band gap energy. H2 is a clean fuel, and its usage can address many of the issues caused by using fossil fuels. It is widely used as a feedstock in the chemical industry to produce ammonia, methanol, and various fuels like diesel, gasoline, etc. It is also used as a transport fuel. It has several other applications in the production of metals and agricultural industries. A cost-effective and long-lasting chalcogenide-based photocatalysts can make the H2 generating process more economical and suitable. The use of binary chalcogenides and their modifications (compounds consisting of only one chalcogen and one electropositive atom) for photocatalytic water splitting will be discussed in the following subsections.
  • 516
  • 08 Nov 2022
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