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Topic Review
Polymeric Nanomaterials for Efficient Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents
Polymeric nanomaterials have been widely studied as carriers for constructing antimicrobial agent delivery systems and have shown advantages including high biocompatibility, sustained release, targeting and improved bioavailability. 
  • 476
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional MoTe2 Hetero-Phase Homojunctions
Two-dimensional (2D) hetero-phase homojunctions comprise a semiconducting phase of a material as the channel and a metallic phase of the material as electrodes. In particular, MoTe2 exhibits intriguing properties and its phase is easily altered from semiconducting 2H to metallic 1T′ and vice versa, owing to the extremely small energy barrier between these two phases. MoTe2 thus finds potential applications in electronics as a representative 2D material with multiple phases. 
  • 946
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
On-Surface Synthesis of sp-Carbon Nanostructures
Over the centuries, carbon allotropes have been playing a significant role in material science and engineering due to their outstanding electric, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. Compared to traditional carbon materials such as diamond and graphite, carbon nanomaterials consist of carbons with different hybridization types, namely linear (sp), planar (sp2), or tetrahedral (sp3) bond configurations, or even a combination of several types. Owning to the development of STM (scanning tunneling microscope) and nc-AFM (noncontact atomic force microscope), a wide variety of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures have been synthesized and characterized at the atomic scale on surfaces, such as linear polymers comprising of hydrocarbons, graphene nanoribbons, porous graphene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In particular, nanostructures containing sp-hybridized carbons are of great advantage for their structural linearity and small steric demands as well as intriguing electronic and mechanical properties. 
  • 456
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Binders Used for the Manufacturing of Composite Materials
Binders, or tackifiers, have become widespread in the production of new composite materials by liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques due to their ability to stabilize preforms during laying-up and impregnation, as well as to improve fracture toughness of the obtained composites, which is very important in aviation, automotive, ship manufacturing, etc. Furthermore, they can be used in modern methods of automatic laying of dry fibers into preforms, which significantly reduces the labor cost of the manufacturing process.
  • 3.3K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Natural Emulsion Stabilizers
Natural emulsion stabilizers are polymers of amino acid, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, etc., which are derived from microorganisms, bacteria, and other organic materials. Plant and animal proteins are basic sources of natural emulsion stabilizers. Pea protein-maltodextrin and lentil protein feature entrapment capacity up to 88%, (1–10% concentrated), zein proteins feature 74–89% entrapment efficiency, soy proteins in various concentrations increase dissolution, retention, and stability to the emulsion and whey proteins, egg proteins, and proteins from all other animals are applicable in membrane formation and encapsulation to stabilize emulsion/nanoemulsion. In pharmaceutical industries, phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanol-amine (PE), and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG)-based stabilizers are very effective as emulsion stabilizers. Lecithin (a combination of phospholipids) is used in the cosmetics and food industries. Various factors such as temperature, pH, droplets size, etc. destabilize the emulsion. Therefore, the emulsion stabilizers are used to stabilize, preserve and safely deliver the formulated drugs, also as a preservative in food and stabilizer in cosmetic products. Natural emulsion stabilizers offer great advantages because they are naturally degradable, ecologically effective, non-toxic, easily available in nature, non-carcinogenic, and not harmful to health.
  • 6.5K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
MOFs as ODS Catalysts
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel oils is considered one of the most promising non-hydrodesulfurization technologies due to the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low cost and easy removal of aromatic sulfur compounds. Based on this reason, the preparation of highly efficient ODS catalysts has been a hot research topic in this field. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received much attention due to advantages such as abundant metal centers, high surface areas and varied pore structures, which are composed of secondary building units (SBUs) connected by organic linkers to form crystalline porous materials. Such materials possess both the rigidity of inorganic materials and the flexibility of organic materials. Moreover, rich metal centers in the structure of MOFs could be catalytic active sites for some chemical reactions.
  • 437
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Medical Textiles and Aromatherapy
Studies on aromatherapy and textiles published between 2011–2021 were examined to explore “textile” materials as a possible carrier for essential oils. Essential oil-based bio-functional textiles for biocidal applications and therapeutic effects are reviewed.
  • 500
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
New Antimicrobial Oleanonic Acid Polyamine Conjugates
The series of 21 oleanolic acid derivatives containing di- and polyamine fragments at position C3 and C28 was synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial. Almost all series presented good to moderate Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) against Gram-positive S. aureus, S. faecalis and B. cereus bacteria, moreover compounds possess important antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, and EA289 bacteria with MICs ranging from 6.25 to 200 µg/mL. The SAR data showed that the nature of the polyamine fragment, as well as differences in the structure of oleanolic acid plays an important role in the potential activities of tested compounds. The testing of the ability to restore the antibiotic activity of doxycycline and erythromycin at a 2 µg/mL concentration in a synergistic assay showed that only Mannich base with spermine fragment 6 lead to a moderate improvement in terms of antimicrobial activities of the different selected combinations against both P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The study of the mechanism of action of the most important compound in this series (amide 2i derived from N-methyl-norspermidine) showed the effect of disruption of the outer bacterial membrane of P. aeruginosa PA01 cells. Computational ADMET profiling renders compound 2i as a suitable starting point for pharmacokinetic optimization.
  • 486
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Rearrangement of Alkylallenes to 1,3-Dienes
1,3-Dienes are vital building blocks in organic synthesis. They underpin many fundamental synthetic transformations and are present in numerous natural products and drug candidate molecules.
  • 781
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Metal (Mo, W, Ti) Carbides for Dry Reforming
Dry reforming of hydrocarbons (DRH) is a pro-environmental method for syngas production. It owes its pro-environmental character to the use of carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) can potentially replace traditional nickel catalysts due to their stability and activity in DR processes. 
  • 882
  • 18 Jan 2022
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