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Topic Review
Heat Dissipation Model of TIMs in High-Power Electronics
To improve the heat dissipation capability of high-power electronic systems, advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high thermal conductivity and low interfacial thermal resistance are urgently needed in the structural design of advanced electronics. Metal-, carbon- and polymer-based TIMs can reach high thermal conductivity and are promising for heat dissipation in high-power electronics. 
  • 965
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Health-Promoting Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Endophytic Fungi
The study examines the intricate relationship between plants and the endophytic fungi inhabiting their tissues. These fungi harmoniously coexist with plants, forming a distinct symbiotic connection that has caught scientific attention due to its potential implications for plant health and growth. The diverse range of bioactive compounds produced by these fungi holds significant promise for human health.
  • 535
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Health Effects of European Elderberry and American Elderberry
Elderberry is highly reputed for its health-improving effects. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the consumption of berries is linked to enhancing human health and preventing or delaying the onset of chronic medical conditions. Compared with other fruit, elderberry is a very rich source of anthocyanins (approximately 80% of the polyphenol content). These polyphenols are the principals that essentially contribute to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and the health benefits of elderberry fruit extract. These health effects include attenuation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders, as well as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and immuno-stimulatory effects.
  • 365
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
HDAC8 in Different Diseases
Histone deacetylases (HDACs), also known as lysine deacetylases (KDACs), belong to the class of zinc (Zn2+)-dependent or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent proteolytic enzymes. HDACs participate in transcriptional repression and chromatin condensation mechanisms by removing the acetyl moiety from the acetylated ε-amino group of histone lysines and other non-histone proteins. These enzymes play a pivotal role in the modulation of several cellular pathways such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, neurogenesis and epigenetic regulations. In some cases, HDACs are involved in the occurrence and progression of numerous pathophysiological conditions as well as diseases such as neurological disorders, fibrosis, cancer, metabolic dysfunctions and parasitic infections.
  • 498
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
HDAC Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an urgent as well as huge medical challenge, which is associated with poor prognosis and responsiveness to chemotherapies. Since epigenetic changes are highly implicated in TNBC tumorigenesis and development, inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACIs) could represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • 554
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
HDAC Inhibitors
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are a class of prominent epigenetic drugs that are currently being tested in hundreds of clinical trials against a variety of diseases. A few compounds have already been approved for treating lymphoma or myeloma. HDIs bind to the zinc-containing catalytic domain of the histone deacetylase (HDACs) and they repress the deacetylase enzymatic activity. 
  • 597
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
HCN-Derived Polymers
HCN-derived polymers are a heterogeneous group of complex substances synthesized from pure HCN; from its salts; from its oligomers, specifically its trimer and tetramer, aminomalononitrile (AMN) and diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN), respectively; or from its hydrolysis products, such as formamide, under a wide range of experimental conditions. The characteristics and properties of HCN-derived polymers depend directly on the synthetic conditions used for their production and, by extension, their potential applications. These puzzling systems have been known mainly in the fields of prebiotic chemistry and in studies on the origins of life and astrobiology since the first prebiotic production of adenine by Oró in the early years of the 1960s. However, the first reference regarding their possible role in prebiotic chemistry was mentioned in the 19th century by Pflüger. Currently, HCN-derived polymers are considered keys in the formation of the first and primeval protometabolic and informational systems, and they may be among the most readily formed organic macromolecules in the solar system. In addition, HCN-derived polymers have attracted a growing interest in materials science due to their potential biomedical applications as coatings and adhesives; they have also been proposed as valuable models for multifunctional materials with emergent properties such as semiconductivity, ferroelectricity, catalysis and photocatalysis, and heterogeneous organo-synthesis. However, the real structures and the formation pathways of these fascinating substances have not yet been fully elucidated. Several models based on either computational approaches or spectroscopic and analytical techniques have endeavored to shed light on their complete nature.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Hazards from Burning Impregnated Wood
In the construction industry, a variety wooden products have been used for thousands of years, according to demand, accessibility/availability, and customers’ requirements. Wood is a preferred material due to its large range of properties, depending on the type of wood. It is an easily available and economically competitive material, and also extremely strong in relation to its weight. Therefore, it is used in the production of construction materials, building parts, and finishing components, as well as for furniture and decorative elements. Each of these products is commonly additionally chemically treated to improve its performance parameters. But impregnated wooden products such as furniture and fence boards are often misused, including for house heating, waste incineration, bonfires. etc. For this reason, among the products of combustion there is a whole range of different chemical compounds, frequently carcinogenic, and dangerous for health and the environment, for example heavy metals. Knowledge in this field is important for professions such as: firefighter, lifeguard, people dealing with environmental management, units responsible for waste landfills. On the other hand, important recipients of this information are ordinary residents who, due to a lack of knowledge, use such materials as e.g. heating material.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Harmful Microalgae Detection
There has been a steady stream of information on the methods and techniques available for detecting harmful algae species. The conventional approaches to identify harmful algal bloom (HAB), such as microscopy and molecular biological methods are mainly laboratory-based and require long assay times, skilled manpower, and pre-enrichment of samples involving various pre-experimental preparations. As an alternative, biosensors with a simple and rapid detection strategy could be an improvement over conventional methods for the detection of toxic algae species. Moreover, recent biosensors that involve the use of nanomaterials to detect HAB are showing further enhanced detection limits with a broader linear range. The improvement is attributed to nanomaterials’ high surface area to volume ratio, excellent biological compatibility with biomolecules, and being capable of amplifying the electrochemical signal. 
  • 677
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Hard Tissue Engineering
Hard tissues, e.g., bone, are mechanically stiff and, most typically, mineralized. To design scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration, mechanical, physico-chemical and biological cues must align with those found in the natural tissue. Combining these aspects poses challenges for material and construct design.  They can be fulfilled in top-down tissue engineering or bottom up biofabrication approaches upon employing biomaterials e.g. silk.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Mar 2021
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