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Topic Review
Rosemary for Natural Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents
Rosmarinus officinalis L. compounds, especially its main polyphenolic compounds, carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA), influence various facets of cancer biology, making them valuable assets in the ongoing fight against cancer. These two secondary metabolites exhibit formidable antioxidant properties that are a pivotal contributor against the development of cancer.
  • 628
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Zn-Pb Metallurgical Slags as Source of Metal Recovery
The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of zinc and lead smelting slags are presented, with particular reference to the slags formed during the simultaneous production of Zn and Pb by the Imperial Smelting Process. These slags, because of the presence of many metals in their composition, mainly in the form of crystalline phases, are a valuable source for their extraction. Slags from Zn-Pb metallurgy are processed on an industrial scale using pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, alongside which a number of experiments conducted to recover metals as efficiently as possible, including bioleaching experiments.
  • 427
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nucleobase-Bearing Amino Acid Systems and Self-Assembly
Nucleobase-containing molecules are compounds essential in biology due to the fundamental role of nucleic acids and, in particular, G-quadruplex DNA and RNA in life. Moreover, some molecules different from nucleic acids isolated from different vegetal sources or microorganisms show nucleobase moieties in their structure. Nucleoamino acids and peptidyl nucleosides belong to this molecular class. Closely related to the above, nucleopeptides, also known as nucleobase-bearing peptides, are chimeric derivatives of synthetic origin and more rarely isolated from plants.
  • 285
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Hypercrosslinked Polystyreneand
Platform chemicals, also known as chemical building blocks, are substances that serve as starting materials for the synthesis of various value-added products, which find a wide range of applications. These chemicals are the key ingredients for many fine and specialty chemicals. Most of the transformations of platform chemicals are catalytic processes, which should meet the requirements of sustainable chemistry: to be not toxic for humans, to be safe for the environment, and to allow multiple reuses of catalytic materials. Hypercrosslinked polymers are already widely applied in industry as excellent (ad)sorbents. Their use for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts is a relatively new but dynamically developing area. A new class of heterogeneous catalysts based on nanoparticles of catalytically active metals stabilized in a polymer matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) are provided, their synthesis, properties, and application to produce several platform chemicals from renewable raw materials. Some transformations of platform chemicals into compounds with high added value are addressed and multiple perspectives are discussed.
  • 185
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Dynamic Light Scattering and Its Applications
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a widely utilized technique in many scientific and industrial sectors where the distribution of particle size and behavior of particles in solutions is crucial. Having the capacity to measure particle size and distribution, besides measuring zeta potential and some other colloidal properties, such as molecular weight, makes DLS a practical device for various applications.
  • 404
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Natural 4-Hydroxy-2-pyrones
4-Hydroxy-2-pyrones as polyketides are widespread in Nature and possess versatile bioactivity that makes them an attractive target for synthesis and modification. Also these pyrones bear several electrophilic and nucleophilic centers that determine their application in organic synthesis.
  • 294
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nanocomposite Preparation Methods
Synthetic plastics are commonly used because they exhibit sufficient characteristics for packaging requirements, but their end lives result in environmental pollution, the depletion of landfill space, rising sea pollution, and more. These exist because of their poor biodegradability, limited recyclability, etc. There has been an increasing demand for replacing these polymers with bio-based biodegradable materials for a sustainable environment. Cellulosic nanomaterials have been proposed as a potential substitute in the preparation of packaging films. Cellulose can be extracted from different sources, such as wood, agricultural by-products, annual plants, and marine algae. There are two forms of nanocellulose extracted from plant fibers: cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).
  • 124
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Wood-Composite for Wastewater Purification and Desalination
The ecosystem has been seriously affected by sewage discharge and oil spill accidents. A series of issues (such as the continuous pollution of the ecological environment and the imminent exhaustion of freshwater resources) are becoming more and more unmanageable, resulting in a crisis of water quality and quantity. Therefore, studies on industrial wastewater purification and solar-driven seawater desalination based on wood composites have been widely considered as an important development direction. Generally, functional nanomaterials are loaded into the wood cell wall, from which lignin and hemicellulose are selectively removed. Alternatively, functional groups are modified on the basis of the molecular structure of the wood microchannels. Due to its three-dimensional (3D) pore structure and low thermal conductivity, wood is an ideal substrate material for industrial wastewater purification and solar-driven seawater desalination.
  • 269
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Functionalized Calixarenes as Promising Antibacterial Drugs
Since the discovery of polyphenolic resins 150 years ago, the study of polymeric compounds named calix[n]arene has continued to progress, and those skilled in the art perfectly know now how to modulate this phenolic ring. Consequently, calix[n]arenes are now used in a large range of applications and notably in therapeutic fields. In particular, the calix[4]arene exhibits multiple possibilities for regioselective polyfunctionalization on both of its rims and offers researchers the possibility of precisely tuning the geometry of their structures. Thus, in the crucial research of new antibacterial active ingredients, the design of calixarenes finds its place perfectly. Out of all the work of the community, there are some excellent activities emerging that could potentially place these original structures in a very good position for the development of new active ingredients.
  • 178
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Zinc–Bromine Flow Batteries
The development of energy storage systems (ESS) has become an important area of research due to the need to replace the use of fossil fuels with clean energy. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) provide interesting features, such as the ability to separate the power and battery capacity. This is because the electrolyte tank is located outside the electrochemical cell. Consequently, it is possible to design each battery according to different needs. In this context, zinc–bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) have shown suitable properties such as raw material availability and low battery cost. To avoid the corrosion and toxicity caused by the free bromine (Br2) generated during the charging process, it is necessary to use bromine complexing agents (BCAs) capable of creating complexes.
  • 256
  • 29 Dec 2023
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