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Topic Review
Molecularly Imprinted (Micro)Solid Phase Extraction
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are versatile materials that mimic natural antigen–antibody mechanisms and allow molecules/analytes recognition [2,3]. MIPs have been used as selective sorbents for (micro)solid extraction (µ-SPE) procedures leading to molecularly imprinted (micro)solid extraction (MIMSPE), which allows advanced miniaturized sample pre-treatments for green procedures in Analytical Chemistry.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Molecular Weight of Polyamides
Polyamides (PAs) undergo local environmental degradation, leading to a decline in their mechanical properties over time. PAs can experience various forms of degradation, such as thermal degradation, oxidation, hydrothermal oxidation, UV oxidation, and hydrolysis. In order to better comprehend the degradation process of PAs, it is crucial to understand each of these degradation mechanisms individually.
  • 631
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Weight Distributions in Bituminous Binders
Molecular weight distributions are widely used to evaluate the effects of aging or modifiers in bituminous binders. As with polymers, the most common techniques to obtain the distributions can be subdivided into two main groups, depending on whether or not they use a solvent.
  • 481
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage
The design of molecular solar fuels is challenging because of the long list of requirements these molecules have to fulfil: storage density, solar harvesting capacity, robustness, and heat release ability. All of these features cause a paradoxical design due to the conflicting effects found when trying to improve any of these properties.
  • 598
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Sensing with Hyperpolarized 129Xe
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters.
  • 794
  • 19 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Molecular Orientation–Device Performance Relationship
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great potential for future application. However, the commercialization of PSCs is limited by the prohibitively expensive and doped hole-transport materials (HTMs). In this regard, small molecular dopant-free HTMs are promising alternatives because of their low cost and high efficiency. However, these HTMs still have a lot of space for making further progress in both efficiency and stability.
  • 364
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Nanomaterials in Industrial Applications
Nanomaterials have not only become one of the ‘hottest’ areas in research and development all over the world but also attracted numerous considerations in the industrial sectors. This technology can be primarily defined by their functional properties which determine how they interact with other disciplines. Recently, it becomes an evolving field in material science, materials processing technology, mechanics, electronics, optics, medicine, energy and aerospace, plastics and textiles etc. This technology not only establishes an interdisciplinary and emerging domain that embraces physics, chemistry, engineering but also contributes to detection of diseases, better therapy options, and remarkable reduced health-care expenses. Molecular nanomaterials can also be applied in manufacturing through ultra-precision, development of nano-metric microscopic devices, biological structures, nano robots, super computers, industries and genetics etc. All materials or devices which are nanometer scale (dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nm) structured are included in nanomaterials.
  • 2.7K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Molecular Mn-Based Contrast Agents
MRI contrast agents are required in clinic to detect some pathologies, such as cancers. Nevertheless, at the moment, only small extracellular and non-specific gadolinium complexes are available for the clinicians. Moreover, safety issues have recently appeared concerning the use of gadolinium complexes, so that alternatives are urgently needed. Manganese-based MRI contrast agents could be one of these alternatives and more and more studies are available in the literature. This work aims at synthesizing all those researches, to highlight all the efforts already made by the scientific community to obtain highly efficient agents, but also evidence the weaknesses of the developed systems.
  • 163
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms of OER for Artificial Photosynthesis
Addressing the global environmental problem of water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel by solar energy is receiving so much attention. In water splitting, the essential problem to solve is the development of efficient catalysts for oxygen production. In the generation of hydrogen by water splitting, molecular oxygen should be evolved at the same time. However, it is not so easy to artificially achieve photosynthetic oxygen generation by developing novel systems in a short period of time, which took one billion years in the natural world. The oxidation of water to produce oxygen, i.e., oxygen evolution reaction (OER), involves transfers of four electrons and four protons, while the reduction of water to produce hydrogen, i.e., hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), is a reaction of two electrons and two protons.
  • 377
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Gasotransmitter-Dependent Apoptosis in Internal Diseases
Cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders are a common cause of deterioration in the quality of life up to severe disability and death worldwide. Many pathological conditions, including this group of diseases, are based on increased cell death through apoptosis. It is known that this process is associated with signaling pathways controlled by a group of gaseous signaling molecules called gasotransmitters. They are unique messengers that can control the process of apoptosis at different stages of its implementation. However, their role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in these pathological conditions is often controversial and not completely clear.
  • 259
  • 13 Apr 2023
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