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Topic Review
Plant-Derived Natural Products against Common Respiratory Diseases
Currently, the world is more challenged by respiratory diseases (RDs) than it witnessed in the last few decades. This is evident in the plethora of acute and chronic respiratory conditions, ranging from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, and more recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens, drug toxicity and side effects are drawbacks to effective chemotherapeutic management of RDs. The role of natural products (NPs) in drug discovery cannot be over-emphasized. NPs are chemical substances produced by living organisms such as plants, animals, and marine organisms. They are primary and secondary metabolites and may only be isolatable in small quantities from natural sources. Structurally, they range from small molecules, such as thymol, thymoquinone and penicillin, to complex molecules such as tachyplesin I and II, with unique chemical and biological properties. NPs are regarded as the hallmark of modern pharmaceutical care because they continue to provide new leads with novel biological mechanisms of action against emerging diseases.
  • 385
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Plant-Derived Mucilage for Nanocarrier Fabrication
Easily sourced mucus from various plant parts is an odorless, colorless and tasteless substance with emerging commercial potential in agriculture, food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to its non-toxic and biodegradable properties. It has been found that plant-derived mucilage can be used as a natural thickener or emulsifier and an alternative to synthetic polymers and additives. Because it is an invisible barrier that separates the surface from the surrounding atmosphere, it is used as edible coatings to extend the shelf life of fresh vegetables and fruits as well as many food products. In addition to its functional properties, mucilage can also be used for the production of nanocarriers. We focus on mucus extraction methods and its use as a natural preservative for fresh produce. We detailed the key properties related to the extraction and preservation of food, the mechanism of the effect of mucus on the sensory properties of products, coating methods when using mucus and its recipe for preserving fruit and vegetables. Understanding the ecological, economic and scientific factors of production and the efficiency of mucus as a multi-directional agent will open up its practical application in many industries. 
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Plant-Derived Metal Nanoparticles
Plant-derived metal nanoparticles (PDMNPs) have gained considerable interest because of their tremendous and remarkable potential as therapeutic agents as well as development of less expensive, safer, and easier biomedical equipment. PDMNPs are synthesized from metal salts or oxides by using plant extracts because plants have diversified bioactive compounds that can act as reducing and stabilizing agents at the time of nanoparticle synthesis. Besides, PDMNPs take advantages over the nanoparticles synthesized by other methods because of their low cost, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. 
  • 702
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Based Indole Alkaloids
Indole (C8H7N) is a weakly basic molecule consisting of a pyrrole ring fused to a benzene nucleus, and ten π electrons move throughout the structure. The basic environment of indole alkaloids is thought to be caused by the delocalization of the lone pair of nitrogen electrons into the free circulation of the π electronic system. This results in indole becoming protonated at the C-3 position, which is thermodynamically more stable.Indole alkaloids have gained popularity due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Indole alkaloids have been identified in several prominent plant families, including Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Nyssaceae, and Loganiaceae, among others. Some of the identified indole alkaloid compounds have been highly effective in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Thousands of compounds containing the indole nucleus have been isolated from plant sources. Their pharmacological activities were assessed, with some now being examined in clinical trials and some already approved for therapeutic use in humans. Indole alkaloids are often characterized by their potent biological activities, which are relevant to the field of medicine, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, analgesic, hypotensive, anticholinesterase, antiplatelet, antidiarrheal, spasmolytic, antileishmanial, lipid-lowering, antimycobacterial, and antidiabetic activities. 
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Plant-Based Flocculants as Substituters for Sludge Dewatering
Due to its high water content, sewage sludge dewatering is not just a simple operation; rather, it is a challenging task and a costly management process. Its final handling is usually preceded by several dewatering steps, and among them is the conditioning process known as the flocculation stage, which is carried out using synthetic chemical reagents. Despite the abilities of these additives to reduce sludge volume and extract its bound waters, they are suspected to cause serious environmental and health threats. Their substitution by natural and efficient additives originating from plant extracts could thus be a safe and an eco-friendly alternative, overcoming ecosystem damages.
  • 222
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Based Colloidal Delivery Systems
Colloidal delivery systems can be used to alter the gastrointestinal fate of oil-soluble vitamins, such as their chemical stability and bioaccessibility. The effectiveness of these delivery systems depends on their composition and structure. For instance, the bioaccessibility of oil-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) has been shown to increase with decreasing droplet size in nanoemulsions, which is attributed to the faster release and solubilization of the vitamins when lipid digestion occurs more rapidly.
  • 457
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Plant-Based Biosynthesis of Copper/Copper Nanoparticles
Plants produce numerous secondary metabolites and rich in phytochemicals, which are potential bioresources for synthesizing Cu and CuO Nanoparticles (NPs). This green synthesis approach is environmentally friendly and more advantageous over commercial synthesis using physical and chemical methods. The green synthesized Cu and CuO NPs can be used as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents in biomedical applications. We discuss about the green synthesis of Cu and CuO NPs using various plants, factors affecting the synthesis, biomedical applications, and toxicity evaluation of the NPs. In addition, the mechanisms of the NPs entry into biological entities were also discussed. 
  • 1.9K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Plant Extracts-Based Nanocarriers for anticancer therapy
Nanocarriers enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of drugs and facilitate their targeting effect. Taking the potential toxicity into consideration, the incorporation of natural “green” materials, derived from plants, in the nanocarriers fabrication, improve their safety and biocompatibility. These green components can be used as mechanical platforms, targeting ligands or can play be involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles. 
  • 516
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Plant Extract-Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles
Eucalyptus globulus (EG) is an endemic plant in Australia that is widely found throughout the world. It is the main source of botanical essential oils and is well-recognized in pharmacopeia around the globe. In the plant-assisted fabrication of nanoparticles, the salt solution and extract are simply mixed at room temperature or slightly high temperature, resulting in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) within minutes.
  • 493
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plant Cellulose Nanofibre-Based Aerogels
Cellulose nanomaterials from plant fibre provide potential applications in biomedical. The biomedical application of nanocellulose isolated from plant fibre, which is a carbohydrate-based source, is very viable in the 21st century. The essential characteristics of plant fibre-based nanocellulose, which include its molecular, tensile and mechanicalproperties, as well as its biodegradability potential, have been widely explored for functional materials in the preparation of aerogel. Plant cellulose nano fibre (CNF)-based aerogels are novel functional materials that have attracted remarkable interest. In recent years, CNF aerogel has been extensively used in the biomedical field due to its biocompatibility, renewability and biodegradability. The effective surface area of CNFs influences broad applications in biological and medical studies such as sustainable antibiotic delivery for wound healing, the preparation of scaffolds for tissue cultures, the development of drug delivery systems, biosensing and an antimicrobial film for wound healing. Many researchers have a growing interest in using CNF-based aerogels in the mentioned applications. The application of cellulose-based materials is widely reported in the literature. However, only a few studies discuss the potential of cellulose nanofibre aerogel in detail. The potential applications of CNF aerogel include composites, organic–inorganic hybrids, gels, foams, aerogels/xerogels, coatings and nano-paper, bioactive and wound dressing materials and bioconversion.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Aug 2020
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