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Topic Review
Citrus Waste
The scientific name of citrus is Citrus L. and it belongs to the Rutaceae family. It is one of the most important fruit crops that is grown throughout the world. During processing, a large amount of waste is produced from citrus fruits in the form of peel, seeds, and pomace. Every year, the citrus processing industry creates a large amount of waste. The citrus waste is composed of highly bioactive substances and phytochemicals, including essential oils (EOs), ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and a range of trace elements.
  • 2.3K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Hybrid Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
The use of composite materials has seen many new innovations for a large variety of applications. The area of reinforcement in composites is also rapidly evolving with many new discoveries, including the use of hybrid fibers, sustainable materials, and nanocellulose.
  • 807
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Drug Delivery Systems for Dry Eye
Dry eye disease (DED) is a widespread and frequently reported multifactorial ocular disease that not only causes ocular discomfort but also damages the cornea and conjunctiva. Topical administration is the most common treatment modality for DED. Due to the existence of multiple biological barriers, instilled drugs generally exhibit short action times and poor penetration on the ocular surface. To resolve these issues, several advanced drug delivery systems have been proposed.
  • 495
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Materials Design for N2O/CO2 Capture and Separation
The adsorption of greenhouse gases (GHG) as a method to reduce their emissions into the atmosphere is an alternative that is easier to implement industrially and cheaper than other existing technologies, such as chemical capture, cryogenic separation, or membrane separation. The vast majority of works found in the literature have focused their efforts on capturing CO2 as it is the largest GHG.
  • 505
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Data Fusion in Process Analytical Technology
The release of the FDA’s guidance on Process Analytical Technology has motivated and supported the pharmaceutical industry to deliver consistent quality medicine by acquiring a deeper understanding of the product performance and process interplay. The technical opportunities to reach this high-level control have considerably evolved since 2004 due to the development of advanced analytical sensors and chemometric tools.
  • 253
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Direct Amidations of Carboxylic Acids with Amines
The prevalence of amides in biological systems and chemical fields such as polymers, materials and natural products drives continuous research on novel procedures to obtain these ubiquitous functional groups. Efforts to this purpose are mainly focused around the discovery of direct and catalytic methods that are more atom economic, safe and practical for diversified applications (e.g., organic, medicinal and peptide chemistries, material and polymer purposes, etc.), in accordance with green chemistry principles. 
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fenton Process
The Fenton reaction is primarily based on the idea of the formation of oxidizing radicals, which are created by the catalytic action of Fe2+ on the decomposition of H2O2, added in a certain amount and ratio to water, which also contains various organic substances. Oxidative radicals oxidize the present organic substances to varying degrees during the momentary period of their existence. This Fenton reaction is homogeneous because the catalyst (Fe2+ ion) is dissolved in water. However, the catalyst can also be heterogeneous. 
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Models of the Structure of Humic Substances
Natural organic matter, including humic substances (HS), comprises complex secondary structures with no defined covalent chemical bonds and stabilized by inter- and intra-molecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, Van der Waal’s forces, and pi-pi interactions. The latest view describes HS aggregates as a hydrogel-like structure comprised by a hydrophobic core of aromatic residues surrounded by polar and amphiphilic molecules akin a self-assembled soft material. A different view is based on the classification of this material as either mass or surface fractals. The former is intended as made by the clustering of macromolecules generating dendritic networks, while the latter have been modelled in terms of a solvent-impenetrable core surrounded by a layer of lyophilic material. 
  • 438
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Toxicological Risks of the Cobalt–Chromium Alloys in Dentistry
Cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) alloys have been used for a long period of time in dentistry, but several risk factors remain involved. The toxicological risk of Co-Cr dental alloys is actually a sensitive subject with the European regulatory changes, namely regulation (EU) 2017/745 and annex VI to the CLP regulation (EC) 1972/2008. Studies assessing Co-Cr dental alloys’ biocompatibility are urgently needed.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparicles in Latent Fingerprinting
Latent fingerprints are commonly found at crime scenes and can provide valuable evidence for forensic investigations. However, latent fingerprints are often difficult to detect and develop, especially on porous or complex surfaces. Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising tool for the development of latent fingerprints, as they can enhance the contrast and ridge details of the fingerprint. The recent advances in the use of nanoparticles for latent fingerprint development, including gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, and iron oxide nanoparticles were summarized here. Current article encompasses the principles of physical and chemical interactions between nanoparticles and fingerprint residue, as well as the factors that can affect the performance of nanoparticles in latent fingerprint development. We also highlight the potential applications and limitations of nanoparticle-based fingerprint development in forensic investigations.
  • 325
  • 22 Feb 2023
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