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Topic Review
RA and Effects of Curcumin
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widespread, chronic, autoimmune disorder affecting the joints, causing irreversible cartilage, synovium, and bone degradation. During the course of the disease, many immune and joint cells are activated, causing persistent inflammation. Immune cells including macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, as well as synovial tissue cells, like fibroblast-like synoviocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts secrete different pro-inflammatory factors, counting many cytokines, angiogenesis-stimulating molecules and others, exacerbating the ongoing condition. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), with prominent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin can suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators and modulate immune cells, alleviating the course of RA, making it a promising, potential drug. 
  • 488
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Quinoxaline-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization
Photopolymerization offers a unique opportunity to convert liquid monomers to polymers using light as the activation source. Major efforts have been devoted to developing visible light photo-initiating systems, and the search for new dyes that can be incorporated into photocurable resins and polymerize a resin within a few seconds is still ongoing.
  • 571
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Quinones as Promising Compounds against Respiratory Viruses
Respiratory viruses represent a world public health problem, giving rise to annual seasonal epidemics and several pandemics caused by some of these viruses, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Some antiviral drugs have been licensed for the treatment of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, but they cause side effects, lead to resistant viral strains, or possess various limitations. On the other hand, no specific drugs are licensed to treat other viral respiratory diseases. In this sense, natural products have appeared as promising alternatives in searching for new compounds with antiviral activity. Quinones have demonstrated activity against respiratory viruses, so the activity of the different types of natural and synthetic quinones against these pathogens and their molecular targets are summarized.
  • 455
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Quinazoline Based HDAC Dual Inhibitors
Quinazolines are the most versatile, ubiquitous and privileged nitrogen bearing heterocyclic compounds with a wide array of biological and pharmacological applications. Most of the anti-cancer agents featuring quinazoline pharmacophore have shown promising therapeutic activity. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as an important anti-cancer target in the recent years given its role in cellular growth, gene regulation, and metabolism.
  • 615
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Quercus suber and Cork By-Products
There is a drive within the cosmetic industry towards the development of more sustainable products, supported by consumer awareness of the environmental footprint. The cosmetic industry is rising to meet consumer demand by following practices, such as the use of by-products from agro-industrial waste. Quercus suber is a tree prevalent in the Mediterranean basin. The extraction of cork is considered sustainable, as this process does not harm the tree, and the amount of cork produced increases with the number of extractions. Beyond this, the cork industry produces by-products that are used to sustain the industry itself, such as cork powder, which is reused for generating energy. Additionally, cork and cork by-products contain bioactive compounds mainly with antioxidant activity that can be of use to the cosmetic industry, such as for antiaging, anti-acne, anti-inflammatory, and depigmenting cosmetic products.
  • 484
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Quercetin
Quercetin (QRC) is a flavonoid belonging to a group of plant-derived nonsteroidal compounds called phytoestrogens. It is a polyphenol-based molecule and it is widely distributed in many vegetables, fruits, seed, grains, and also in tea and wine.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactant 12-6-12
Gemini surfactants are a modern variety of surfactants with unique properties and a very wide range of potential applications. Hexamethylene-1,6-bis(N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide) is one such representative compound that is a better alternative to a single analogue. It shows excellent surface, antimicrobial, and anticorrosion properties. With a highly efficient synthetic method and a good ecological profile, it is a potential candidate for numerous applications, including biomedical applications.
  • 240
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Monitoring in Cartilage Tissue Engineering
The main purpose of cartilage TE (CTE) is tissue regeneration, multiplication, and differentiation of cells into a desired tissue-specific form by selecting suitable cellular scaffolds and the cells’ favorable growth conditions. CTE represents a major challenge due to the specific properties of cartilage tissue, slow growth, characteristic structure of extracellular matrix (ECM), extraordinary mechanical properties, and a high degree of dedifferentiation in cell cultures. Cellular scaffolds used in CTE are essential because they allow for cultivation in 3D structures and stimulate hyaline cartilage formation. These scaffolds should meet the relevant requirements, including biocompatibility, suitable degradability, appropriate physicochemical, biological, and architectural features (porosity, pore permeability, mechanical properties and so on), and stimulate the cartilage phenotype. Designing an appropriate scaffold for CTE is a complex procedure, as it is necessary to create a framework with a specific and replicable architecture. It starts with finding the right biomaterial and follows with the right construction technique to prepare an ideal cellular scaffold to cover all the required characteristics. The development of the cartilage-like scaffold must be based on biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials. At the same time the construction technique must allow the design of various shapes and sizes with a controlled microstructure to promote cellular adhesion, migration, and growth of the cells present in the target tissue. Finally, the stimulation of cartilage phenotype, the production of cartilage-specific ECM (e.g., aggrecan and collagen type 2), and the maintenance of the desired cellular morphology are essential for scaffold use in CTE. Failure to provide the mentioned characteristics leads to cell dedifferentiation and altered gene expression from cartilage-specific to (most commonly) fibroblastic type, a complex challenge that so far has not been conquered.
  • 325
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Quantum Dots for Optoelectronic Applications
Quantum dots (QDs) are tiny semiconductor particles that typically range in size from 2 to 10 nanometers. Because of their small size, they have unique optical and electrical properties, resulting in quantum confinement of electrons and holes within the material. This confinement results in discrete energy levels, and the energy of the confined particles is determined by the size of the QDs QDs could be used in a variety of applications, including displays, solar cells, medical imaging, and quantum computing.. They are typically only a few nanometers in size. QDs can be employed as a light-sensitive substance, also referred to as a photoconductive substance, in a photodetector.
  • 812
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Quantum Dots as a Labeling Agent
Quantum dots (QDs) are a type of nanoparticle with exceptional photobleaching-resistant fluorescence. They are highly sought after for their potential use in various optical-based biomedical applications.
  • 280
  • 16 Oct 2023
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