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Topic Review
Biological Activities of Ruthenium NHC Complexes
Ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have unique physico-chemical properties as catalysts and a huge potential in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, exhibiting a variety of notable biological activities.
  • 179
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Bast-Fibre-Reinforced Hybrid Composites
Bast hybrid composites can be utilised in different applications, opening new platforms for developing novel products that compete with traditional hybrid composites. Various polymeric materials and processing techniques have been used to manufacture bast hybrid composites with attractive properties, such as renewability, low density, and cost-effectiveness. In most cases, the fibres were chemically modified in order to improve their adhesion with the host polymeric materials. 
  • 253
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the initial absorption of light by the photosensitizer (PS) and the subsequent direct and oxygen-mediated reactions with the cell membrane and cytoplasmic cell components.
  • 287
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Methods of Making Lithium-Ion Batteries Membrane
Due to the growing demand for eco-friendly products, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained widespread attention as an energy storage solution. With the global demand for clean and sustainable energy, the social, economic, and environmental significance of LIBs is becoming more widely recognized. LIBs are composed of cathode and anode electrodes, electrolytes, and separators. Notably, the separator, a pivotal and indispensable component in LIBs that primarily consists of a porous membrane material, warrants significant research attention. 
  • 572
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Kappa-2 Carrageenans
Hybrid carrageenans, also called kappa-2 (K2) or weak kappa, are a class of sulfated polysaccharides with thermo-reversible gelling properties in water and are extracted from a specific family of red seaweeds. K2 are known in the industry for their texturizing properties which are intermediate between those of kappa-carrageenans (K) and iota-carrageenans (I). As such, K2 are gaining industrial interest, as they can replace blends of K and I (K + I) in some niche applications. 
  • 338
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Strategies of Renal Drug Delivery Systems
The kidneys are the most important organs in the human urinary system, selectively filtering blood and metabolic waste into urine via the renal glomerulus. Based on charge and/or molecule size, the glomerular filtration apparatus acts as a barrier to therapeutic substances. Therefore, drug distribution to the kidneys is challenging, resulting in therapy failure in a variety of renal illnesses. Hence, different approaches to improve drug delivery across the glomerulus filtration barrier are being investigated. Nanotechnology in medicine has the potential to have a significant impact on human health, from illness prevention to diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials with various physicochemical properties, including size, charge, surface and shape, with unique biological attributes, such as low cytotoxicity, high cellular internalization and controllable biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, have demonstrated promising potential in renal therapy. Different types of nanosystems have been employed to deliver drugs to the kidneys. 
  • 258
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives
This research illuminates the various methods of chitosan extraction, its antibacterial properties, and its multifarious applications in diverse sectors. The choice of method is dictated by multiple variables, including the desired properties of chitosan, resource availability, cost, and environmental footprint.
  • 319
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Covalent Adaptable Networks in Recycling of Polyurethane Plastics
The global plastic waste problem has created an urgent need for the development of more sustainable materials and recycling processes. Polyurethane (PU) plastics, which represent 5.5% of globally produced plastics, are particularly challenging to recycle owing to their crosslinked structure. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on dynamic covalent bonds have emerged as a promising solution for recycling PU waste. CANs enable the production of thermoset polymers that can be recycled using methods that are traditionally reserved for thermoplastic polymers. Reprocessing using hot-pressing techniques, in particular, proved to be more suited for the class of polyurethanes, allowing for the efficient recycling of PU materials. 
  • 122
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Mechanism of Removal of Heavy Metals by NF
Nanofiltration is a type of membrane filtration that employs a semi-permeable membrane. Unlike other types of membrane filtration systems, nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes of less than 10 nm.
  • 263
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hot-Melt Adhesive Composition
Hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) are thermoplastic materials that can bond various substrates by solidifying rapidly upon cooling from the molten state, and their modification with organosilicon compounds can result in crosslinking behavior, characteristic of gels. Organosilicon compounds are hybrid molecules that have both inorganic and organic components and can enhance the properties and performance of HMAs.
  • 562
  • 20 Sep 2023
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