Encyclopedia
Scholarly Community
Encyclopedia
Entry
Video
Image
Journal
Book
News
About
Log in/Sign up
Submit
Entry
Video
Image
Subject:
All Disciplines
Arts & Humanities
Biology & Life Sciences
Business & Economics
Chemistry & Materials Science
Computer Science & Mathematics
Engineering
Environmental & Earth Sciences
Medicine & Pharmacology
Physical Sciences
Public Health & Healthcare
Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest
Latest
Alphabetical (A-Z)
Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All
Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Rheology of Gels and Yielding Liquids
Gels are understood as soft viscoelastic multicomponent solids that are in the incomplete phase separation state, which, under the action of external mechanical forces, do not transit into a fluid state but rupture like any solid material. Gels can “melt” (again, like any solids) due to a change in temperature or variation in the environment. In contrast to this type of rheology, yielding liquids (sometimes not rigorously referred to as “gels”, especially in relation to colloids) can exist in a solid-like (gel-like) state and become fluid above some defined stress and time conditions (yield stress). At low stresses, their behavior is quite similar to that of permanent solid gels, including the frequency-independent storage modulus. The gel-to-sol transition considered in colloid chemistry is treated as a case of yielding. However, in many cases, the yield stress cannot be assumed to be a physical parameter since the solid-to-liquid transition happens in time and is associated with thixotropic effects.
650
28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Structure and Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is a new type of carbon nanometer material. In addition to the excellent properties of graphene, it is superior due to the quantum limit effect and edge effect. Because of its advantages such as water solution, strong fluorescent, small size, and low biological toxicity, it has important application potential in various fields, especially in sensors and biomedical areas, which are mainly used as optical electrical sensors as well as in biological imaging and tumor therapy. In addition, GQDs have very important characteristics, such as optical and electrical properties. There are many preparation methods, divided into top-down and bottom-up methods, which have different advantages and disadvantages, respectively. In addition, the modification methods include heterogeneous doping, surface heterogeneity, etc.
650
17 Jan 2024
Biography
Jack H. Freed
Jack H. Freed (born April 19, 1938) is an American chemist known for his pioneering work in electron paramagnetic resonance (aka electron spin resonance) spectroscopy. He is the Frank and Robert Laughlin Professor of Physical Chemistry, Emeritus, at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Jack Freed was born in New York City. He received his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 1958 f
649
14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Inflammasome Regulation for IBD
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes formed to regulate the maturation of pro-inflammatory caspases, in response to intracellular or extracellular stimulants. Accumulating studies showed that the inflammasomes are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although their activation is not a decisive factor for the development of IBD. Inflammasomes and related cytokines play an important role in the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis, while its overactivation might induce excess immune responses and consequently cause tissue damage in the gut. Emerging studies provide evidence that some genetic abnormalities might induce enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cause colitis. In these cases, the colonic inflammation can be ameliorated by blocking NLRP3 activation or its downstream cytokine IL-1β. A number of natural products were shown to play a role in preventing colon inflammation in various experimental colitis models. On the other hand, lack of inflammasome function also causes intestinal abnormalities.
648
21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Hydrogels in Hand Sanitizers
Hand hygiene can be considered a strategic key useful in the containment of infections such as COVID-19 both at home and in communities because it can dramatically reduce the widespread outbreak of infections.
648
08 May 2021
Topic Review
Dendrimers for Infectious Diseases
Functionalized and modified dendrimer platforms are capable of precise imaging and efficient treatment of tumors, providing solutions for combined monitoring and early treatment of cancers.
648
05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Decontamination
The adsorption isotherm model is a valuable method for determining the theoretical optimal adsorption power as well as the potential interactions between adsorbents and adsorbate. Sorption isotherms are mathematical models that illustrate the allocation of metals in between adsorbate and adsorbent. The distribution of metals in between adsorbate and adsorbent depends upon the nature of the adsorbent whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous, the type of exposure, and the bonding between adsorbent and adsorbate.
648
25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Self-Healing Mechanism of Hydrogel
The route to achieve self-healing of hydrogels is by noncovalent or reversible dynamic covalent bonding in polymeric materials, and enhancing the conductivity of hydrogels by the addition of conductive fillers, conductive polymers or conductive ions.
648
29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Functional Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Functional materials play a central role in the advancement of these technologies due to their highly tunable properties and functions.
648
27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Processing Methods of Titanium Matrix Composites
Discontinuously Reinforced Particulate Titanium Matrix Composites (DRPTMCs) have been the most popular and challenging in consideration with development and heat treatment due to their significant weight-saving capacity, high specific strength, stiffness and oxidising nature compared with other metals and alloys. Owing to their excellent capabilities, DRPTMCs are widely used in aerospace, automobiles, biomedical and other industries. However, regardless of the reinforcements, such as continuous fibres or discontinuous particulates, the unique properties of DRPTMCs have dealt with these composites for widespread research and progress around the domain.
648
28 Dec 2022
Page
of
467
Featured Entry Collections
>>
Featured Books
>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Chief Editor:
Michael McAleer
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Chief Editor:
Stephen Bustin
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Chief Editor:
Luis V. Lopez-Llorca
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Chief Editor:
Sandro Serpa
Entry
Video
Image
Journal
Book
News
About
Log in/Sign up
New Entry
New Video
New Images
About
Terms and Conditions
Privacy Policy
Advisory Board
Contact
Partner
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback
Top
Feedback
×
Help Center
Browse our user manual, common Q&A, author guidelines, etc.
Rate your experience
Let us know your experience and what we could improve.
Report an error
Is something wrong? Please let us know!
Other feedback
Other feedback you would like to report.
×
Did you find what you were looking for?
Love
Like
Neutral
Dislike
Hate
0
/500
Email
Do you agree to share your valuable feedback publicly on
Encyclopedia
’s homepage?
Yes, I agree. Encyclopedia can post it.
No, I do not agree. I would not like to post my testimonial.
Webpage
Upload a screenshot
(Max file size 2MB)
Submit
Back
Close
×