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Topic Review
Nanostructured Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Systems
As the most abundant element in the world, hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and has received continuously growing attention in the last couple of decades. At the very moment, hydrogen fuel is imagined as the part of a sustainable and eco-friendly energy system, the “hydrogen grand challenge”. Among the large number of storage solutions, solid-state hydrogen storage is considered to be the safest and most efficient route for on-board applications via fuel cell devices. Notwithstanding the various advantages, storing hydrogen in a lightweight and compact form still presents a barrier towards the wide-spread commercialization of hydrogen technology. In this review paper we summarize the latest findings on solid-state storage solutions of different non-equilibrium systems which have been synthesized by mechanical routes based on severe plastic deformation. Among these deformation techniques, high-pressure torsion is proved to be a proficient method due to the extremely high applied shear strain that develops in bulk nanocrystalline and amorphous materials.
  • 686
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Research Progress on Preparation Methods of Skutterudites
Thermoelectric material is a new energy material that can realize direct conversion of thermal energy and electric energy. It has important and wide applications in the fields of the recycling of industrial waste heat and automobile exhaust, efficient refrigeration of the next generation of integrated circuits and full spectrum solar power generation. Skutterudites thermoelectric material has attracted much attention because of their excellent electrical transport performance in the medium temperature region. In order to obtain skutterudites thermoelectric materials with excellent properties, it is indispensable to choose an appropriate preparation method.
  • 686
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Non-Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coating
Fire-retardant coatings, common materials for fire protection of buildings, are widely used in the construction industry. Because they do not change the nature of the matrix, while greatly improving the ability of the matrix to resist flame propagation, they significantly reduce the fire hazard of buildings. Flame-retardant coatings are divided into NIFRC and IFRC , depending on whether the flame-retardant coating expands when heated. NIFRCs are generally composed of inorganic materials that can prevent the return of the heat and oxygen supply to the combustible matrix during the heating process of the polymer and, at the same time, prevent the transfer of combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis of the matrix to the flame, thus protecting the polymer matrix. According to the literature reports, NIFRCs for RPUF mainly include hydrogel/sol, aerogel, ceramic materials, etc.
  • 686
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Electron Transfer and Proton Loss of Conventional Carotenoids
Carotenoids are a large and diverse group of compounds that have been shown to have a wide range of potential health benefits. While some carotenoids have been extensively studied, numerous others have not received as much attention. In numerous studies, using EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) techniques in correlation with DFT (density functional theory) calculations, researchers have characterized about 20 conventional carotenoids - their electron transfer from the carotenoid molecule to form the radical cation, and further proton loss from the radical cation to form neutral radicals (radicals with no charge). Several conventional carotenoids are briefly discussed here.
  • 686
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cartilage Lubrication in Osteoarthritis
The remarkable lubrication properties of normal articular cartilage play an essential role in daily life, providing almost frictionless movements of joints. Alterations of cartilage surface or degradation of biomacromolecules within synovial fluid increase the wear and tear of the cartilage and hence determining the onset of the most common joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA).
  • 685
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Inorganic Nanoparticles in BC Therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative modality to conventional cancer treatment, whereby a specific wavelength of light is applied to a targeted tumor, which has either a photosensitizer or photochemotherapeutic agent localized within it. This light activates the photosensitizer in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce phototoxic species, which in turn obliterate cancer cells. The incidence rate of breast cancer (BC) is regularly growing among women, which are currently being treated with methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. These conventional treatment methods are invasive and often produce unwanted side effects, whereas PDT is more specific and localized method of cancer treatment. The utilization of nanoparticles in PDT has shown great advantages compared to free photosensitizers in terms of solubility, early degradation, and bio-distribution, as well as far more effective intercellular penetration and uptake in targeted cancer cells. 
  • 684
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Properties and Bioactivity of Chitosan
Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer derived by deacetylation (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to D-glucosamine unit) of chitin.
  • 684
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of MXenes
MXenes have emerged as a newer class of 2D materials that produce metallic conductivity upon interaction with hydrophilic species, and their delamination affords monolayer nanoplatelets of a thickness of about one nm and a side size in the micrometer range. Delaminated MXene has a high aspect ratio, making it an alluring nanofiller for multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, MXenes are of special relevance in hydrogel-based applications because of their outstanding mechanical strength, extraordinary hydrophilicity and a distinct surface chemistry, which adds a new level of adaptability.
  • 684
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Carbon–Manganese Dioxide Composite in Supercapacitors
One of the global problems is environmental pollution by different biowaste. To solve the problem, biowaste must be recycled. Waste-free technology is also a way of saving exhaustible raw materials. Research on electrochemical energy sources is currently the most dynamically developing area of off-grid energy. Electrochemical capacitors can operate for a long time without changing performance, they have smaller dimensions, high mechanical strength, and a wide operating temperature range. These properties are effective energy-saving devices. Therefore, supercapacitors are widely used in various industries.
  • 684
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Remediation of Textile-Dye-Containing Wastewater
Water makes up most of the Earth, although just 0.3% is usable for people and animals. The huge oceans, icecaps, and other non-potable water resources make up the remaining 99.7%. Water quality has declined due to pollution from population growth, industry, unplanned urbanization, and poor water management. The textile industry has significant global importance, although it also stands as a major contributor to wastewater generation, leading to water depletion and ecotoxicity. This issue arises from the extensive utilization of harmful chemicals, notably dyes.
  • 684
  • 09 Jan 2024
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